Which agencies grew the most in real terms from FY2023 to FY2025?
Obligations (inflation-adjusted) in FY2025 compared with FY2023: Department of Commerce $25.13B vs $11.35B (+121.4%); Environmental Protection Agency $27.27B vs $16.57B (+64.6%); Department of Energy $81.30B vs $59.26B (+37.2%).
| Agency | Obligations | Obligations baseline | Change | Change % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Commerce | $25.13B | $11.35B | $13.78B | 121.4% |
| Environmental Protection Agency | $27.27B | $16.57B | $10.71B | 64.6% |
| Department of Energy | $81.30B | $59.26B | $22.04B | 37.2% |
| Department of Transportation | $134.89B | $118.82B | $16.08B | 13.5% |
| Department of Homeland Security | $73.37B | $64.90B | $8.48B | 13.1% |
| Social Security Administration | $1.63T | $1.49T | $148.85B | 10.0% |
| Department of Veterans Affairs | $287.88B | $271.93B | $15.95B | 5.9% |
| Department of Health and Human Services | $2.02T | $1.93T | $94.47B | 4.9% |
| Department of Education | $96.02B | $91.83B | $4.19B | 4.6% |
| Department of Defense | $501.69B | $494.64B | $7.05B | 1.4% |
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How to read this
- Adjusted for inflation: amounts are in FY2025 dollars (BLS consumer price index, CPI-U, averaged over each fiscal year; a year in progress uses the months published so far).
- Amounts are obligations (money committed), not outlays (money paid).
- Compares FY2025 with FY2023; the % change is blank when the earlier year is zero.