Putting the topic page together from the records…
Putting the topic page together from the records…
The current fiscal year is still being reported (Defense contracts arrive about 90 days late).
Awards are tagged by words in their description; Jev (an AI that answers yes/no with a probability, not text) judged whether each of the 3,643 word-tagged awards is really about wildfire and which kind. The numbers themselves come from the records. The largest left out:
Each award's description says which side it's on; its product or service code says what kind of purchase it is.
| Type | Kind of purchase | Obligations | Awards | Leading suppliers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grants and other assistance | $749.51M | 1,109 | Cherokee Nation · National Forest Foundation · Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma | |
| Other services | $86.29M | 1,167 | Firestorm Wildland Fire Suppression, Inc. · Kiser Construction · Summitt Forests, Inc. | |
| Maintenance, repair and field support | $20.83M | 201 | WSP USA Solutions Inc · Western Pilot Service Inc · Fletcher Flying Service Inc | |
| Transport, photography and mapping | $9.76M | 84 | Helicopter Express LLC · Brainerd Helicopters, Inc · Mag DS Corp | |
| Research and development | $7.88M | 18 | California Institute of Technology · Terrafuse Inc · Improving Aviation LLC | |
| Engineering, technical and professional support | $6.43M | 51 | Dewberry Engineers Inc. · S&K Mission Support, LLC · Management & Engineering Technologies International Inc | |
| Equipment and parts | $5.23M | 113 | Federal Resources Supply Company, LLC · SNF, Inc. · Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. | |
| Training | $4.10M | 11 | Icf Incorporated, L.L.C. | |
| IT and data | $444.9K | 3 | TM3 Solutions, Inc. |
Companies with wildfire contracts, largest first (the top 30 of 747). Grants are listed below.
| Supplier | Obligations | Contracts | What | Buyers | Largest contract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firestorm Wildland Fire Suppression, Inc. | $11.10M | 124 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12970223F0012 · $378.0K · THE OBJECT OF THE CENTRAL SIERRA ZONE (CSZ) PRESCRIBED FIRE CREW SERVICES REQUEST IS TO… |
| WSP USA Solutions Inc | $7.52M | 5 | Maintenance, repair and field support | Department of Defense | W911WN23F3065 · $8.97M · WSP SUPPORT TO HAWAII WILDFIRES |
| Kiser Construction | $6.14M | 1 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12363N23F4169 · $6.14M · THE PURPOSE AND NEED OF THIS PROJECT ARE TO INCREASE PROTECTION FOR COMMUNITIES, OAK… |
| Summitt Forests, Inc. | $6.07M | 25 | Other services | Department of Agriculture · Department of the Interior | 12363N23F4243 · $1.64M · FOREST WIDE FUEL REDUCTION MANUAL SSC -12363N23F4243 $1,639,689.70 TOTAL CONTRACT VALUE… |
| California Institute of Technology | $4.77M | 1 | Research and development | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 80NM0023F0047 · $4.77M · TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF WILDFIRE SCIENCE AND DISASTER MITIGATION (87-214171) |
Each opens its own page: every action, the terms, and who the money went to next. “Why here” is the word in its description that tagged it.
| Award | To | Agency | What | Obligations | Description | Why here |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A23AV00019 | Cherokee Nation | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $123.55M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| A23AV00022 | Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $47.45M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 23PA11132543092 | The Nature Conservancy | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $40.00M | NATIONAL SUPPORT FOR PRESCRIBED FIRE AND HAZARDOUS FUELS WORKFORCE AND PROJECTS ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LANDS AS AUTHORIZED BY THE INFLATION REDUC | “hazardous fuels” |
| 23SA11052000059 | National Forest Foundation | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $32.81M | SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FORESTS WILDFIRE CRISIS PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION | “wildfire” |
| A23AV00021 | The Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy Reservation | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $12.19M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| A22AC00049 | Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation |
How awards are tagged: their product or program code, or words in the award's original description (wildfire, wildfires, wildland fire, fire suppression…), minus known noise. A description can mention the topic in passing, so check an award's own page. Source: USAspending.gov prime awards, FY2023 on; amounts are obligations (money committed), not outlays.
| Western Pilot Service Inc |
| $4.26M |
| 8 |
| Maintenance, repair and field support |
| Department of the Interior |
| 140D8020F0473 · $736.1K · SINGLE ENGINE AIR TANKER FLIGHT SERVICES AT ROSWELL, NM |
| Icf Incorporated, L.L.C. | $4.10M | 4 | Training | Department of the Interior | 140L0623F0100 · $2.95M · BLANKET PURCHASE AGREEMENT (BPA) ORDER FOR WILDLAND FIRE INCIDENT PERFORMANCE AND… |
| Neiman Timber Company, L.C. | $3.27M | 1 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12363N23F4307 · $3.27M · THE TOPAZ IRSC IS BEING IMPLEMENTED UNDER THE CHIMERA PROJECT. THE PURPOSE OF CHIMERA IS… |
| G E Forestry, Inc | $3.04M | 17 | Other services | Department of Agriculture · Department of the Interior | 12048923F0035 · $1.37M · UPPER PESHASTIN HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION (HFR) PROJECT |
| Helicopter Express LLC | $2.98M | 5 | Transport, photography and mapping | Department of the Interior | 140D8022F0202 · $1.95M · CWN (USDA-FS) HELICOPTER FLIGHT SERVICE IN SUPPORT OF THE DOI FIRE SUPPRESSION MISSION. |
| Imperial Forestry, Incorporated | $2.51M | 15 | Other services | Department of Agriculture · Department of the Interior | 12048923F0043 · $1.16M · NACHES RANGER DISTRICT, OKANOGAN-WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION… |
| Cutting Edge Forestry, Inc. | $2.23M | 20 | Other services | Department of Agriculture · Department of the Interior | 1240BE23F0101 · $386.9K · AWARD AGAINST THE MALHEUR NF FUELS REDUCTION AND SLASH TREATMENT BPA: PRE-COMMERCIAL… |
| Dewberry Engineers Inc. | $2.11M | 1 | Engineering, technical and professional support | Department of Homeland Security | 70FB8023F00000102 · $2.11M · ALTERNATIVE HOUSING, PLANNING AND SITE ASSESSMENT SUPPORT FOR HAWAII WILDFIRES, DR-4724-HI |
| Gonzalez Forestry Inc. | $1.96M | 3 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 1240LR23F0060 · $1.12M · 0413 SERV NEW PHELAN-SHARKEY FUELS REDUCTION/1085609 THIS REQUISITION IS TO CORRECT A… |
| Big State Wildfire LLC | $1.81M | 39 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 1202SC23M1197 · $195.8K · BIG STATE WILDFIRE LLC ORWIF230327 C95 |
| Kash Trucking LLC | $1.71M | 2 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 1240BD23C0014 · $974.5K · MT. HOOD NATIONAL FOREST-BARLOW RANGER DISTRICT 2023 SOUTH FIVEMILE MECHANICAL FUELS… |
| Griffith Builders, Inc. | $1.64M | 1 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12445523C0022 · $1.64M · NEW FIRE FACILITY AND DECOMMISSIONING: CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW FIRE WAREHOUSE THAT WOULD… |
| Ponderosa Reforestation, Inc. | $1.58M | 6 | Other services | Department of the Interior · Department of Agriculture | 140L3723F0088 · $654.3K · FY23 HDSS FUELS REDUCTION |
| Management & Engineering Technologies International Inc | $1.57M | 28 | Engineering, technical and professional support · Research and development | Department of Agriculture | 12318722F0358 · $724.8K · COORDINATION SERVICES FOR WILDLAND FIRE MITIGATION & MANAGEMENT COMMISSION |
| Statistical Research Inc | $1.53M | 2 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12363N23F4290 · $1.11M · HERITAGE SURVEYS IN THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE GLOBE RANGER DISTRICT NEAR THE SAN CARLOS… |
| Brainerd Helicopters, Inc | $1.53M | 7 | Transport, photography and mapping | Department of the Interior | 140D0423F0589 · $1.13M · CWN HELICOPTER FLIGHT SERVICES IN SUPPORT OF THE DOI FIRE SUPPRESSION MISSION |
| Fletcher Flying Service Inc | $1.44M | 10 | Maintenance, repair and field support | Department of the Interior | 140D0422F0374 · $1.58M · NATIONWIDE L-48 SINGLE ENGINE AIR TANKER |
| Columbia Basin Helicopter, Inc. | $1.37M | 3 | Maintenance, repair and field support · Transport, photography and mapping | Department of the Interior | 140D8021F0435 · $520.4K · PROVIDE SINGLE ENGINE AIR TANKER FLIGHT SERVICES AT SILVER CITY, NM |
| Oc Forestry, Incorporated | $1.34M | 7 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 127EAT22F0037 · $691.2K · STATION FIRE RELEASE AND HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION - TO REDUCE COMPETING VEGETATION,… |
| Baker Timber Products, Inc | $1.26M | 1 | Other services | Department of Agriculture | 12363N23F4272 · $1.26M · THE SOUTH STEWARDSHIP INTEGRATED RESOURCE SERVICE CONTRACT (IRSC) WILL INCREASE WILDFIRE… |
| Federal Resources Supply Company, LLC | $1.21M | 1 | Equipment and parts | Department of Defense | W56HZV23F0035 · $1.21M · THIS CONTRACT IS FOR FEDERAL RESOURCE SUPPLY COMPANY. THIS IS A DELIVERY ORDER FOR 10… |
| S&K Mission Support, LLC | $1.20M | 2 | Engineering, technical and professional support · Maintenance, repair and field support | Department of Agriculture | 12970223C0013 · $1.11M · PROFESSIONAL SERVICES FOR PLUMAS NATIONAL FOREST WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY |
| G B Aerial Applications Inc | $1.19M | 7 | Other services · Maintenance, repair and field support | Department of the Interior | 140D0422F0546 · $1.05M · SINGLE ENGINE AIR TANKER |
| Mag DS Corp | $1.13M | 1 | Transport, photography and mapping | Department of Homeland Security | 70FB7023F00000141 · $1.13M · NATIONAL EVACUATION AIR TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT SERVICES IN SUPPORT OF IMPACT OF HAWAII… |
| Terrafuse Inc | $1.01M | 2 | Research and development | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 80NSSC23CA189 · $850.0K · SBIR PHASE II IGNITE - WILDFIRE MITIGATION THROUGH EXPLAINABLE RISK PREDICTIONS |
| Department of the Interior |
| Grants and other assistance |
| $11.45M |
| FIRE SUPPRESSION ON INDIAN LANDS REIMBURSEMENT |
| “fire suppression” |
| A20AV00793 | Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $10.55M | CSKT WILDLAND FIRE PROGRAM | “wildland fire” |
| 23DG11030000019 | Energy Minerals & Natural Resources Department | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $10.10M | COMMUNITY WILDFIRE DEFENSE IMPLEMENTATION NO MATCH INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND JOBS ACT | “wildfire” |
| W911WN23F3065 | WSP USA Solutions Inc | Department of Defense | Maintenance, repair and field support | $8.97M | WSP SUPPORT TO HAWAII WILDFIRES | “wildfires” possibly only a mention |
| A23AV00149 | Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $8.72M | DISTS. FOR SELF GOVERNANCE COMPACTS FY 23 CR1 (21.10%) TPA BASE; WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1; WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/INTERAGENCY HOTSHOT CREWS CR1; WILDLAND FIRE… | “wildland fire” |
| L23AC00025 | Tahoe Resource Conservation District | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $8.71M | THE TAHOE RESOURCE CONSERVATION DISTRICT (TAHOE RCD) WILL WORK WITH TAHOE BASIN FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT PARTNERS TO DELIVER A COORDINATED LAKE TAHOE BASIN FIRE ADAPTED COMMUNITIES PROJECT,… | “product or program code” |
| 23SA11050500021 | California Deer Association | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $8.60M | KLAMATH BASIN FUELS REDUCTION | “fuels reduction” |
| A23AV00053 | Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $8.23M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 23CS11051100024 | Butte County Fire Safe Council | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $8.00M | FUELS REDUCTION SUPPORT AND PLANNING | “fuels reduction” |
| 23SA11020000064 | National Forest Foundation | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $7.79M | WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY LANDSCAPE LARGE SCALE WILDFIRE RISK REDUCTION AND RESTORATION IMPLEMENTAION | “wildfire” |
| 22SA11051300010 | Save the Redwoods League | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $7.70M | CASTLE/ WINDY GIANT SEQUOIA FUELS REDUCTION | “fuels reduction” |
| 23PA11132420237 | National Forest Foundation | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $6.64M | COLLABORATIVELY IMPLEMENTING THE WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY | “wildfire” |
| 23SA11051300007 | Tulare County Resource Conserv | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $6.33M | MOUNTAIN COMMUNITY FUELS REDUCTION | “fuels reduction” |
| 12363N23F4169 | Kiser Construction | Department of Agriculture | Other services | $6.14M | THE PURPOSE AND NEED OF THIS PROJECT ARE TO INCREASE PROTECTION FOR COMMUNITIES, OAK WOODLANDS, LATE-SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS, WATERSHEDS, AND BOTANICAL RESOURCES AT RISK FROM REPEATED HIGH-SEVERITY… | “wildfire” |
| 23DG11010000013 | Natural Resources & Conservation, Montana Dept of | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $5.89M | BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW COMMUNITY WILDFIRE DEFENSE GRANTS FOR LINCOLN COUNTY | “wildfire” |
| A23AV00034 | Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $5.48M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| W9126G1920019 | Colorado State University | Department of Defense | Grants and other assistance | $5.40M | BASE YEAR AWARD AFCEC WILDLAND FIRE SUPPORT | “wildland fire” |
| 23PA11051700019 | American Conservation Experience | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $5.38M | SUPPORT CREWS FOR WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY LANDSCAPE | “wildfire” |
| 23PA11132420361 | Mobilizegreen, Inc | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $5.37M | CONFRONTING THE WILDFIRE CRISIS | “wildfire” |
| 23GN11041900030 | State of Utah, Division of Wildlife Resources | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $4.93M | HEBER-KAMAS WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY LANDSCAPE FUELS REDUCTION | “wildfire” |
| F23AC02925 | Partnership for Gulf Coast Land Conservation Inc | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $4.85M | THE PROJECT S MISSION AND GOAL IS TO IMPLEMENT THE NATIONAL COHESIVE WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND ASSIST COMMUNITIES AT RISK FROM CATASTROPHIC WILDLAND FIRES BY PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO… | “wildland fire” |
| 80NM0023F0047 | California Institute of Technology | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Research and development | $4.77M | TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF WILDFIRE SCIENCE AND DISASTER MITIGATION (87-214171) | “wildfire” possibly only a mention |
| 23DG11046013610 | Utah Department of Natural Resources | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $4.71M | BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW COMMUNITY WILDFIRE DEFENSE GRANTS FOR CENTRAL AREA COMMUNICATION WILDFIRE RISK REDUCTION PROJECT | “wildfire” |
| A23AV00078 | Wyandotte Nation | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $4.58M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 23SA11051300008 | County of Tulare | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $4.50M | WILDFIRE AND FOREST HAZARD MITIGATION PROJECT | “wildfire” |
| A23AV00059 | Osage Nation | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $4.45M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 2148788 | Board of Regents, Nevada System of Higher Education | National Science Foundation | Grants and other assistance | $4.22M | RII TRACK-1: HARNESSING THE DATA REVOLUTION FOR FIRE SCIENCE -THE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF WILDFIRES IN THE WESTERN U.S. HAS INCREASED OVER THE LAST FORTY YEARS, CAUSED BY CHANGES IN CLIMATE, FUEL… | “wildfires” |
| A23AV00215 | Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Community of Oregon | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $4.18M | DISTS. FOR SELF GOVERNANCE COMPACTS FY 23 CR1 (21.10%) TPA BASE; WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1; AND FY23 CONTRACT SUPPORT COSTS (CSC) FUNDS PRO RATA INITIAL PAYMENT BASED ON PARTIAL… | “wildland fire” possibly only a mention |
| 23DG11100106900 | Anchorage, Municipality of (Inc) | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $4.00M | ANCHORAGE FIRE DEPARTMENT WILDFIRE MITIGATION PROGRAM | “wildfire” |
| 23PA11051100028 | Feather River Resource Conservation District | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $4.00M | WILDFIRE CRISIS STRATEGY PLUMAS NORTH QUINCY IMPLEMENTATION | “wildfire” |
| A23AV00756 | San Carlos Apache Tribal Council | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.96M | WILDLAND FIRE USE | “wildland fire” |
| A23AV00033 | Grand Portage Reservation Tribal Council | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.91M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 23GN11062754062 | Washington State Department of Natural Resources | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $3.56M | WASHINGTON ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ENGINEERING SERVICES AND HAZARDOUS FUELS TREATMENTS | “hazardous fuels” |
| A15AC00125 | Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.54M | WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT - NON-RECURRING FUNDS | “wildland fire” |
| A23AV00016 | Bois Forte Reservation Tribal Council | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.47M | WILDLAND FIRE PREPAREDNESS/PREPAREDNESS CR1 DIST. | “wildland fire” |
| 2242802 | Montana State University | National Science Foundation | Grants and other assistance | $3.39M | RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE: RII TRACK 1: INTEGRATING MONTANA'S ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH WITH SMART SENSORS (IMERSS) -PRESCRIBED FIRE IS INCREASINGLY BEING EMPLOYED ACROSS THE WESTERN U.S., AS IT IS… | “wildfire” possibly only a mention |
| A20AV00366 | San Carlos Apache Tribal Council | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.29M | TRIBAL WILDLAND FIRE PROGRAM | “wildland fire” |
| 12363N23F4307 | Neiman Timber Company, L.C. | Department of Agriculture | Other services | $3.27M | THE TOPAZ IRSC IS BEING IMPLEMENTED UNDER THE CHIMERA PROJECT. THE PURPOSE OF CHIMERA IS TO INCREASE THE RESILIENCY OF FOREST LANDSCAPES AND COMMUNITIES TO WILDFIRE, DECREASE THE IMPACTS OF… | “wildfire” |
| 22DG11100106804 | Alaska Department of Natural Resources | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $3.25M | ALASKA ENHANCED WILDFIRE MITIGATION | “wildfire” |
| 693JJ22340000ER01CA15D1001 | Department of Transportation California | Department of Transportation | Grants and other assistance | $3.01M | PROJECT TITLE: IN DEL NORTE COUNTY NEAR IDLEWILD FROM 0.6 MILES SOUTH OF IDLEWILD MAINTENANCE STATION ROAD TO THEOREGON STATE LINE REPAIR WILDFIRE DAMAGE :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: ON STATE ROUTE:… | “wildfire” |
| 23PA11132543091 | The Nature Conservancy | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $3.00M | NATIONAL SUPPORT FOR PRESCRIBED FIRE AND HAZARDOUS FUELS WORKFORCE AND PROJECTS | “hazardous fuels” |
| F23AC02977 | The Nature Conservancy | Department of the Interior | Grants and other assistance | $3.00M | TNC WILL TREAT APPROXIMATELY 12,000 ACRES ADJACENT TO FEDERAL LANDS TO REDUCE WILDFIRE INTENSITY IN TX COASTAL COMMUNITIES. | “wildfire” |
| 140L0623F0100 | Icf Incorporated, L.L.C. | Department of the Interior | Training | $2.95M | BLANKET PURCHASE AGREEMENT (BPA) ORDER FOR WILDLAND FIRE INCIDENT PERFORMANCE AND TRAINING MODERNIZATION (IPTM) SERVICES. | “wildland fire” possibly only a mention |
| 23CS11132543100 | National Forest Foundation | Department of Agriculture | Grants and other assistance | $2.92M | WILDFIRE TREATMENT SCENARIO PLANNING AND ASSOCIATED RISK EVALUATION | “wildfire” |
| 693JJ22240000ER01AZ999A559 | Department of Transportation Arizona | Department of Transportation | Grants and other assistance | $2.78M | PROJECT TITLE: STATEWIDE- SR177, US60, SR77 & US70; MESCAL & TELEGRAPH FIRES :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: FENCE REPLACEMENT - ER EMERGENCY REPAIRS UNDER AZ2021-02 MESCAL/TELEGRAPH WILDFIRE | “wildfire” |