Congressional earmarks
Projects Congress paid for by name in the annual spending laws: House Community Project Funding and Senate Congressionally Directed Spending, FY2022–FY2024. 2,265 provisions worth $6.81B match.
By year
FY2025: none (a full-year continuing resolution). FY2026: enacted, not yet in GAO's data.
Requesting members
- Richard Shelby Sen. AL · $306.30M · 5
- Susan M. Collins Sen. ME · $276.74M · 38
- Alex Padilla Sen. CA · $272.50M · 106
- Angus S. King, Jr. Sen. ME · $263.37M · 32
- John Boozman Sen. AR · $207.07M · 19
- Tina Smith Sen. MN · $175.08M · 58
- Amy Klobuchar Sen. MN · $168.08M · 56
- Cindy Hyde-Smith Sen. MS · $141.95M · 49
- Tim Kaine Sen. VA · $133.40M · 58
- Lindsey Graham Sen. SC · $126.97M · 11
A project with several requesters counts for each of them.
By agency
- Department of Transportation $6.81B · 2265
By state: CA $730.51M · AL $421.78M · TX $307.50M · OK $294.97M · ME $279.33M · IL $234.65M · AR $234.17M · WA $233.73M · VA $202.81M · MS $198.49M · MN $182.74M · OH $177.16M · SD $173.65M · FL $168.28M · GA $165.64M · MI $150.91M · PA $138.04M · LA $134.62M · SC $127.47M · OR $121.67M · MO $121.42M · MD $120.78M · NY $119.27M · KS $110.08M · NV $109.78M · KY $107.49M · NE $96.23M · NJ $96.01M · UT $95.92M · CT $92.18M · HI $91.97M · IA $85.72M · NC $83.48M · AZ $80.38M · RI $79.74M · VT $75.97M · TN $73.20M · WV $68.86M · MA $66.11M · CO $59.63M · AK $57.13M · NM $53.42M · WI $50.73M · NH $28.22M · IN $25.88M · MP $22.57M · ID $16.08M · VI $16.00M · WY $12.76M · PR $6.00M · GU $6.00M · DE $4.08M
Largest provisions (the 100 largest of 2,265)
| FY | Project and recipient | Agency | Requested by | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Woolsey Finnell Bridge · AL | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Richard Shelby AL | $100.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Mobile Downtown Airport (BFM) Planning and Design Related to Airfield and Terminal Improvements, Reconstruct Apron, Construct New Terminal, Construct Terminal Access and Perimeter Roads, Make Other Airfield Improvements, Remove Obstructions, and Acquire New Airport Rescue and Firefighting Equipment · AL | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Richard Shelby AL | $100.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Alabama State Port Authority Rail Expansion, Rehabilitation and Modernization Alabama State Port Authority · AL | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Richard Shelby AL | $67.30M $67.30M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | I-49 Extension AR · AR | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Boozman AR | $67.00M |
| 2024 | Somerset Northern Bypass KY · KY | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative Harold Rogers KY | $45.00M |
| 2024 | I-81 Corridor Improvements VA · VA | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative Benjamin Cline VA | $42.00M |
| 2023 | Tulsa International Airport (TUL) Air Traffic Control Tower · OK | Department of Transportation · Facilities and Equipment | Senator James Inhofe OK | $40.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Max Westheimer Airport Improvements University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport (OUN) · OK | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Representative Tom Cole OK | $36.46M |
| 2023 | Burlington International Airport (BTV) Terminal Improvements and Related Infrastructure · VT | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Patrick Leahy VT | $34.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Improvements to I-90 Interchange in Brandon · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Thune SD | $32.50M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | I-29 85th Street Interchange · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Thune SD | $30.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | I-35 Interchange and Widening in McClain County OK · OK | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative Tom Cole OK | $29.00M |
| 2023 | South Loop Link · MO | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Roy Blunt MO | $28.60M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Kotzebue Cape Blossom Road · AK | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Lisa Murkowski AK | $27.66M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | US 385 Improvements SD · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Marion Rounds SD, Senator John Thune SD | $26.75M |
| 2023 | Tuscaloosa National Airport (TCL) Runway Extension · AL | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Richard Shelby AL | $26.00M $289.3K obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | County of Maui - Honoapiilani Highway Realignment Project · HI | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Brian Schatz HI | $23.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Charleston International Airport (CHS) Charleston County Aviation Authority (CHS) · SC | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $23.00M |
| 2023 | Carolina Bays Parkway Northern Extension · SC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $22.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Presque Isle International Airport (PQI) Presque Isle International Airport (PQI) · ME | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $20.46M |
| 2024 | Baltimore Avenue Improvement Project MD · MD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative Andy Harris MD | $20.00M |
| 2024 | SR-167 Improvements AL · AL | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Katie Britt AL | $20.00M |
| 2024 | Rapid City Airport (RAP) Passenger Terminal Expansion Rapid City Airport (RAP) · SD | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Marion Rounds SD | $20.00M |
| 2022 | Future I-49 · AR | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Boozman AR, Representative Steve Womack AR | $18.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Future I-69 Corridor Improvements · AR | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Boozman AR | $18.00M $18.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Highway 67 Corridor Improvements · AR | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Boozman AR | $18.00M $18.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Improvements in Sioux Falls near the Benson Road Interchange · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Thune SD, Senator Marion Rounds SD | $17.37M $17.37M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | North Sioux City Northshore Drive Realignment Project · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Marion Rounds SD | $17.00M $1.92M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Charleston Airport Connector Road Project · SC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $16.17M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Abbot-Greenville Route 15 Rehabilitation · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $16.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Old Town Llewellyn Estes Bridge Replacement ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $15.75M |
| 2024 | New Century AirCenter (IXD) Air Traffic Control Tower New Century AirCenter (IXD) · KS | Department of Transportation · Facilities and Equipment | Senator Jerry Moran KS | $15.00M |
| 2022 | I-73 · SC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $15.00M $15.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Interstate 35/14 Expansion TX · TX | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative John Carter TX | $15.00M |
| 2024 | St. Bernard Transportation Corridor LA · LA | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Kennedy LA | $15.00M |
| 2022 | Walk Bridge – Undergrade Bridges Demolition and Replacement in Norwalk, CT Connecticut Department of Transportation · CT | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Richard Blumenthal CT, Senator Christopher Murphy CT | $15.00M $15.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | SC Highway 101 · SC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $14.55M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Wiscasset-Augusta State Route 27 Rehabilitation ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $14.40M |
| 2024 | Belgrade-New Sharon State Route 27 Rehabilitation ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $14.40M |
| 2023 | Ashland-Eagle Lake, Route 11 Rehabilitation · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $14.40M $6.85M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | U.S. Highway 69 — Pittsburg Bypass · KS | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Jerry Moran KS | $13.30M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | RM 2243 Resiliency Project TX · TX | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative John Carter TX | $13.00M |
| 2024 | Farmington-Eustis State Route 27 Rehabilitation ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $13.00M |
| 2023 | Abbeville Municipal Airport (0J0) Runway Extension · AL | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Richard Shelby AL | $13.00M $10.21M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Chester Bridge · MO | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Roy Blunt MO | $13.00M $13.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Maine Northern Railroad Improvements Maine Department of Transportation · ME | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $12.96M $12.96M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Heartland Expressway Improvements NE · NE | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Debra Fischer NE | $12.87M |
| 2024 | Milbridge-Harrington US Route 1A Reconstruction ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $12.80M |
| 2024 | Corridor H (Wardensville—VA State Line) WV · WV | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Shelley Capito WV, Senator Joe Manchin WV | $12.50M |
| 2023 | Pavement Rehabilitation on US-64 (Future I-87) · NC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Richard Burr NC | $12.30M $12.30M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Henderson Airport Runway Extension Henderson City-County Airport (EHR) · KY | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Representative James Comer KY | $12.14M |
| 2023 | New Haven Line - Track Speed Improvement Phase 1 (TIME) Connecticut Department of Transportation · CT | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Christopher Murphy CT, Senator Richard Blumenthal CT | $12.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Milbridge-Cherryfield US Route 1 Reconstruction · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $12.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Church Street Side Street (Cherry) Project · VT | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Patrick Leahy VT | $12.00M $180.0K obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Little Rock Port Authority Transload Yard Little Rock Port Authority · AR | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator John Boozman AR | $11.50M |
| 2024 | Realignment of SR 22 AL · AL | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Thomas Tuberville AL, Representative Michael Rogers AL | $11.10M |
| 2024 | SD 37 Improvements SD · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Marion Rounds SD, Senator John Thune SD | $10.66M |
| 2024 | Cross Lake Township—New Canada State Route 161 Reconstruction ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $10.40M |
| 2023 | Van Buren, US Route 1 Reconstruction · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $10.40M $6.36M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | I-40 Concrete Replacement and I-26/I-40/I-240 Initial Interchange Improvements · NC | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Richard Burr NC | $10.25M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | SD 13 Reconstruction SD · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Marion Rounds SD | $10.07M |
| 2024 | Velasco Terminal Sustainable Expansion Project Port Freeport · TX | Department of Transportation · Port Infrastructure Development Program | Representative Randy Weber TX | $10.00M |
| 2022 | COASTER Commuter Rail Corridor Stabilization San Diego Association of Governments · CA | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Dianne Feinstein CA, Senator Alejandro Padilla CA | $10.00M $10.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Chippewa Valley Corridor Reconstruction WI · WI | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Tammy Baldwin WI, Representative Derrick Van Orden WI | $10.00M |
| 2024 | South Carolina Technology & Aviation Center (GYH) Resurfacing and Rehabilitation South Carolina Technology and Aviation Center (GYH) · SC | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $10.00M |
| 2024 | US-50 Reconstruction KS · KS | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Jerry Moran KS | $10.00M |
| 2022 | City and County of Honolulu - Electrification of Route 40 Bus Route City and County of Honolulu · HI | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Brian Schatz HI | $10.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Construction of I-69 Troy Bypass from South of SR-183 to South of SR-3 (US-51) TN · TN | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative David Kustoff TN | $10.00M |
| 2023 | State of Hawaii Zero Emission Bus Program Hawaii Department of Transportation · HI | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Brian Schatz HI | $10.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Caltrain Peninsula Corridor Electrification Project Signal System Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board · CA | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Alejandro Padilla CA, Senator Dianne Feinstein CA | $10.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority · CA | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Dianne Feinstein CA | $10.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Assembly Street Rail Separation Project City of Columbia · SC | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Lindsey Graham SC | $10.00M |
| 2024 | Transmodal Yard Demolition and Reconstruction Orange County Navigation and Port District (Port of Orange) · TX | Department of Transportation · Port Infrastructure Development Program | Representative Randy Weber TX | $10.00M |
| 2022 | I-40/Douglas Blvd Reconstruction and Widening in Oklahoma City · OK | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator James Inhofe OK | $10.00M $10.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Highway US 127 TN · TN | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative John Rose TN | $10.00M |
| 2023 | Mount Hope Bridge Cable and Anchorage Dehumidification · RI | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Reed RI, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse RI | $10.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Kailua-Kona Mass Transit Baseyard County of Hawai'i Mass Transit Agency · HI | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Brian Schatz HI | $9.52M |
| 2022 | Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) West Cargo Apron Development · NH | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Jeanne Shaheen NH | $9.35M $7.87M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Searsport - US Route 1 Reconstruction · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $9.20M $9.20M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Extension of Runway 18-36 and Associated Improvements Alexandria International Airport (AEX) · LA | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Representative Julia Letlow LA | $9.00M |
| 2024 | Medway-Millinocket Route 11/157 Rehabilitation ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $9.00M |
| 2022 | Waynesville St. Robert Regional Airport (TBN) Terminal Facility, Apron, and Parking Construction · MO | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Roy Blunt MO | $9.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Pedestrian Safety Improvements in Waianae, Waipahu, Kalihi, and Urban Honolulu HI · HI | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Brian Schatz HI, Representative Ed Case HI | $8.67M |
| 2024 | New Griffin-Spalding Airport Griffin-Spalding Airport Authority (6A2) · GA | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Raphael Warnock GA, Representative Anderson Ferguson GA | $8.59M |
| 2024 | Jefferson County Roadway Improvements NE · NE | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Debra Fischer NE, Representative Adrian Smith NE | $8.50M |
| 2023 | Perkins Field (U08) - Reconstruction of Runway, Taxiway, and Apron · NV | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Catherine Cortez Masto NV, Senator Jacklyn Rosen NV | $8.44M $8.44M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2023 | Improvements on South Dakota Highway 34 · SD | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator John Thune SD | $8.30M $8.30M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Huntsville Northern Bypass Project AL · AL | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Representative Dale Strong AL | $8.30M |
| 2023 | HOLO Expansion City and County of Honolulu DTS · HI | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Brian Schatz HI | $8.28M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Illinois Electric Bus and Charging Infrastructure Program Illinois Department of Transportation · IL | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Senator Richard Durbin IL | $8.25M $3.79M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Capital Regional International Airport (LAN) Cargo Ramp Expansion · MI | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Gary Peters MI, Senator Deborah Stabenow MI | $8.18M $8.18M obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Port of Rosedale Multimodal Expansion: Great River Railroad Restoration Rosedale-Bolivar County Port Commission · MS | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith MS | $8.18M |
| 2024 | Runway Extension Texarkana Regional-Webb Field (TXK) · AR | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Representative Bruce Westerman AR | $8.10M |
| 2024 | Terminal Building Capital Region International (LAN) · MI | Department of Transportation · Grants-in-Aid for Airports | Senator Gary Peters MI, Senator Deborah Stabenow MI, Representative Elissa Slotkin MI | $8.10M |
| 2022 | Randall Road from Alexandra Boulevard to Polaris Drive/Acorn Lane · IL | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Tammy Duckworth IL | $8.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Wagoner County SH-51 Improvements OK · OK | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Markwayne Mullin OK | $8.00M |
| 2022 | Edgecomb to Boothbay - State Route 27 · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $8.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2024 | Saint George River Bridge Replacement ME · ME | Department of Transportation · Highway Infrastructure Programs | Senator Susan Collins ME, Senator Angus King ME | $8.00M |
| 2023 | Bus Replacement Funding for Urban Transit Systems Chapel Hill Transit · NC | Department of Transportation · Transit Infrastructure Grants | Representative David Price NC | $8.00M $0 obligated by 9/30/23 |
| 2022 | Atlanta to Savannah Passenger Rail Environmental Impact Statement Georgia Department of Transportation · GA | Department of Transportation · Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | Senator Thomas Ossoff GA | $8.00M $8.00M obligated by 9/30/23 |
Enacted earmarks from GAO's Tracking the Funds data (FY2022-FY2024). FY2025 had none (a full-year continuing resolution); FY2026's are enacted but not yet in GAO's data. Amounts are what the law provided, not what was spent. Source: GAO, Tracking the Funds. Requesters are matched to today's members of Congress by name and state; former members show as GAO wrote them.