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FAR and DFARS › FAR Part 28: Bonds and Insurance › Subpart 28.1

FAR 28.102-1 General.

The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

In plain English

This section explains when performance and payment bonds are required for construction contracts. For contracts over $150,000, bonds are generally required, but for contracts over $35,000 up to $150,000, the contracting officer selects two or more alternative payment protections. Contractors must provide the required bonds or protections before starting work.

Applies to: Construction contracts with the Federal Government

What it requires

  • Furnish all bonds or alternative payment protection, including any necessary reinsurance agreements, before receiving a notice to proceed or being allowed to start work.
  • Submit to the Government one of the payment protections selected by the contracting officer.

Key terms: performance and payment bonds · construction contract · payment bond · irrevocable letter of credit · tripartite escrow agreement

Written by AI from this section's text. A guide, not legal advice: the text below rules.

The text

(a) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter III, Bonds (formerly known as the Miller Act), requires performance and payment bonds for any construction contract exceeding $150,000, except that this requirement may be waived— (1) by the contracting officer for as much of the work as is to be performed in a foreign country upon finding that it is impracticable for the contractor to furnish such bond, or

(2) As otherwise authorized by the Bonds statute or other law.

(b)(1) Pursuant to 40 U.S.C. 3132, for construction contracts greater than $35,000, but not greater than $150,000, the contracting officer shall select two or more of the following payment protections, giving particular consideration to inclusion of an irrevocable letter of credit as one of the selected alternatives:

(i) A payment bond.

(ii) An irrevocable letter of credit (ILC).

(iii) A tripartite escrow agreement. The prime contractor establishes an escrow account in a federally insured financial institution and enters into a tripartite escrow agreement with the financial institution, as escrow agent, and all of the suppliers of labor and material. The escrow agreement shall establish the terms of payment under the contract and of resolution of disputes among the parties. The Government makes payments to the contractor's escrow account, and the escrow agent distributes the payments in accordance with the agreement, or triggers the disputes resolution procedures if required.

(iv) Certificates of deposit. The contractor deposits certificates of deposit from a federally insured financial institution with the contracting officer, in an acceptable form, executable by the contracting officer.

(v) A deposit of the types of security listed in 28.204-1 and 28.204-2.

(2) The contractor shall submit to the Government one of the payment protections selected by the contracting officer.

(c) The contractor shall furnish all bonds or alternative payment protection, including any necessary reinsurance agreements, before receiving a notice to proceed with the work or being allowed to start work.

Sections it refers to

  • 28.204-1 United States bonds or notes.
  • 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Sections that refer to it

← 28.102 Performance and payment bonds and alternative payment protections for construction contracts. · 28.102-2 Amount required. →

Rule changes for FAR Part 28

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Plain words for the terms: glossary.

FAR 28.102-1 General · SpendQuery