48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement
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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.
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60 sections with “commercial processes”: the first 40
- DFARS 227.7102 Commercial products, commercial components, commercial services, or commercial processes.
- DFARS 227.7103 Other than commercial products, commercial services, or commercial processes.
- DFARS 252.227-7015 Technical Data—Commercial Products and Commercial Services.As prescribed in 227.7102-4(a)(1), use the following clause: Technical Data—Commercial Products and Commercial Services (JAN 2025) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercial product and commercial service includes commercial com…
- FAR 52.212-1 Instructions to Offerors—Commercial Products and Commercial Services.As prescribed in 12.301(b)(1), insert the following provision: Instructions to Offerors—Commercial Products and Commercial Services (SEP 2023) (a) North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and small business size standard…
- DFARS 252.227-7013 Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial Products and Commercial Services.…02-4(b) and 227.7103-6(a), use the following clause: Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial Products and Commercial Services (Aug 2025) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Computer data base means a collection of data record…
- DFARS 252.227-7014 Rights in Other Than Commercial Computer Software and Other Than Commercial Computer Software Documentation.As prescribed in 227.7203-6(a)(1), use the following clause: Rights in Other Than Commercial Computer Software and Other Than Commercial Computer Software Documentation (Aug 2025) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercial compu…
- DFARS 252.227-7018 Rights in Other Than Commercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research Program and Small Business Technology Transfer Program.As prescribed in 227.7104-4(a)(1), use the following clause: RIGHTS IN OTHER THAN COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL DATA AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE—SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH PROGRAM AND SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAM (AUG 2025) (a) Def…
- DFARS 227.7102-1 Policy.(a) DoD shall acquire only the technical data customarily provided to the public with a commercial product, commercial service, or commercial process, except technical data that— (1) Are form, fit, or function data; (2) Are required for r…
- DFARS 227.7102-2 Rights in technical data.(a) The clause at 252.227-7015, Technical Data—Commercial Products and Commercial Services, provides the Government specific license rights in technical data pertaining to commercial products, commercial services, or commercial processes. D…
- DFARS 227.7102-4 Contract clauses.…provided in paragraph (b) of this section, use the clause at 252.227-7015, Technical Data—Commercial Products and Commercial Services, in solicitations and contracts, including solicitations and contracts using FAR part 12 procedures for th…
- FAR 2.101 Definitions.…Biobased product means a product determined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to be a commercial product or industrial product (other than food or feed) that is composed, in whole or in significant part, of biological products, includin…
- FAR 15.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.…ified cost or pricing data from the offeror or contractor for all acquisitions (including commercial acquisitions), if that is the contracting officer's only means to determine the price to be fair and reasonable. (2) The Government may us…
- FAR 27.201-2 Contract clauses.…27-3, Patent Indemnity, in solicitations and contracts that may result in the delivery of commercial products or the provision of commercial services, unless— (i) Part 12 procedures are used; (ii) The simplified acquisition procedures of …
- FAR 52.204-30 Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security Act Orders—Prohibition.…r source subject to a FASCSA order; (C) If applicable, name of the vendor, including the Commercial and Government Entity code and unique entity identifier (if known), that supplied or supplies the covered article or the product or service…
- FAR 52.225-1 Buy American—Supplies.…wing clause: Buy American—Supplies (OCT 2022) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item—(1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (as…
- FAR 52.225-3 Buy American—Free Trade Agreements—Israeli Trade Act.… that the value of those incidental services does not exceed that of the article itself. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item—(1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (as…
- FAR 52.225-9 Buy American—Construction Materials.…Buy American—Construction Materials (OCT 2022) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item—(1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (as…
- FAR 52.225-11 Buy American—Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements.…fferent construction material distinct from the materials from which it was transformed. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item—(1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (as…
- DFARS 215.404-71-5 Cost efficiency factor.…6) Subcontractor cost reduction efforts; (7) The contractor's effective incorporation of commercial products or commercial services and commercial processes; or (8) The contractor's investment in new facilities when such investments contr…
- DFARS 227.7103-5 Government rights.…ose rights are defined in the clause at 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial Products and Commercial Services. In unusual situations, the standards rights may not satisfy the Government's needs or the Government may …
- DFARS 234.7002 Policy.(a) Major weapon systems. (1) A DoD major weapon system may be treated as a commercial product, or acquired under procedures established for the acquisition of commercial products, only if— (i) The Secretary of Defense determines that— (A…
- DFARS 252.204-7012 Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting.…tion, facility locations), personally identifiable information, as well as trade secrets, commercial or financial information, or other commercially sensitive information that is not customarily shared outside of the company. Controlled te…
- DFARS 252.215-7010 Requirements for Certified Cost or Pricing Data and Data Other Than Certified Cost or Pricing Data.…controlling document, unless it was previously submitted to the contracting office. (ii) Commercial product or commercial service exception. For a commercial product or commercial service exception, the Offeror shall submit, at a minimum, …
- DFARS 252.225-7001 Buy American and Balance of Payments Program.…d Balance of Payments Program—Basic (FEB 2024) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item— (1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (…
- DFARS 252.225-7009 Restriction on Acquisition of Certain Articles Containing Specialty Metals.…ovisioned and replaced as an entity; and (ii) Incorporates multiple, replaceable parts. Commercial derivative military article means an item acquired by the Department of Defense that is or will be produced using the same production facil…
- DFARS 252.225-7036 Buy American—Free Trade Agreements—Balance of Payments Program.… the value of those incidental services does not exceed the value of the product itself. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item— (1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (…
- DFARS 252.225-7044 Balance of Payments Program—Construction Material.…Program—Construction Material—Basic (FEB 2024) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item— (1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (…
- DFARS 252.225-7045 Balance of Payments Program—Construction Material Under Trade Agreements.…fferent construction material distinct from the materials from which it was transformed. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item— (1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial product (…
- DFARS 252.227-7017 Identification and Assertion of Use, Release, or Disclosure Restrictions.… provision— Computer software is defined in— (1) The 252.227-7014, Rights in Other Than Commercial Computer Software and Other Than Commercial Computer Software Documentation, clause of this solicitation; or (2) If this solicitation cont…
- DFARS 204.7301 Definitions.…tion, facility locations), personally identifiable information, as well as trade secrets, commercial or financial information, or other commercially sensitive information that is not customarily shared outside of the company. Controlled te…
- DFARS 225.003 Definitions.… company means any entity, regardless of geographic location, that is— (1) A part of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China (including a subsidiary or affiliate of such entity); or (2) Owned or control…
- FAR 27.401 Definitions.…ed rights data means data, other than computer software, that embody trade secrets or are commercial or financial and confidential or privileged, to the extent that such data pertain to items, components, or processes developed at private e…
- FAR 52.204-13 System for Award Management Maintenance.…r suffix to the unique entity identifier. The suffix is assigned at the discretion of the commercial, nonprofit, or Government entity to establish additional System for Award Management (SAM) records for identifying alternative EFT accounts…
- FAR 52.204-21 Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems.…h (c), in subcontracts under this contract (including subcontracts for the acquisition of commercial products or commercial services, other than commercially available off-the-shelf items), in which the subcontractor may have Federal contra…
- FAR 52.227-14 Rights in Data—General.…ed rights data means data, other than computer software, that embody trade secrets or are commercial or financial and confidential or privileged, to the extent that such data pertain to items, components, or processes developed at private e…
- DFARS 227.7103-12 Government right to establish conformity of markings.…rkings are identified in the clauses at 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial Products and Commercial Services, and 252.227-7018, Rights in Other Than Commercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Inn…
- DFARS 252.204-7014 Limitations on the Use or Disclosure of Information by Litigation Support Contractors.…ntains this clause. Sensitive information means controlled unclassified information of a commercial, financial, proprietary, or privileged nature. The term includes technical data and computer software, but does not include information tha…
- DFARS 252.204-7015 Notice of Authorized Disclosure of Information for Litigation Support.…upport Contractors. Sensitive information means controlled unclassified information of a commercial, financial, proprietary, or privileged nature. The term includes technical data and computer software, but does not include information tha…
- FAR 1.102-2 Performance standards.…r competitive advantage to particular firms. (5) The Government will maximize its use of commercial products and commercial services in meeting Government requirements. (6) It is the policy of the System to promote competition in the acqu…
- FAR 15.407-2 Make-or-buy programs.…e quantities, or require additional equipment or real property to produce. Raw materials, commercial products, commercial services (see 2.101), and off-the-shelf items (see 46.101) shall not be included, unless their potential impact on con…
FAR (chapter 1)
- Part 1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 58 sections
- Part 2 Definitions of Words and Terms 3 sections
- Part 3 Improper Business Practices and Personal Conflicts of Interest 98 sections
- Part 4 Administrative and Information Matters 116 sections
- Part 5 Publicizing Contract Actions 34 sections
- Part 6 Competition Requirements 34 sections
- Part 7 Acquisition Planning 34 sections
- Part 8 Required Sources of Supplies and Services 67 sections
- Part 9 Contractor Qualifications 106 sections
- Part 10 Market Research 4 sections
- Part 11 Describing Agency Needs 33 sections
- Part 12 Acquisition of Commercial Products and Commercial Services 38 sections
- Part 13 Simplified Acquisition Procedures 49 sections
- Part 14 Sealed Bidding 82 sections
- Part 15 Contracting by Negotiation 81 sections
- Part 16 Types of Contracts 74 sections
- Part 17 Special Contracting Methods 50 sections
- Part 18 Emergency Acquisitions 34 sections
- Part 19 Small Business Programs 126 sections
- Part 22 Application of Labor Laws to Government Acquisitions 205 sections
- Part 23 Environment, Sustainable Acquisition, and Material Safety 38 sections
- Part 24 Protection of Privacy and Freedom of Information 10 sections
- Part 25 Foreign Acquisition 81 sections
- Part 26 Other Socioeconomic Programs 36 sections
- Part 27 Patents, Data, and Copyrights 59 sections
- Part 28 Bonds and Insurance 61 sections
- Part 29 Taxes 23 sections
- Part 30 Cost Accounting Standards Administration 30 sections
- Part 31 Contract Cost Principles and Procedures 87 sections
- Part 32 Contract Financing 175 sections
- Part 33 Protests, Disputes, and Appeals 23 sections
- Part 34 Major System Acquisition 20 sections
- Part 35 Research and Development Contracting 25 sections
- Part 36 Construction and Architect-engineer Contracts 81 sections
- Part 37 Service Contracting 46 sections
- Part 38 Federal Supply Schedule Contracting 3 sections
- Part 39 Acquisition of Information Technology 14 sections
- Part 40 Information Security and Supply Chain Security 12 sections
- Part 41 Acquisition of Utility Services 17 sections
- Part 42 Contract Administration and Audit Services 84 sections
- Part 43 Contract Modifications 14 sections
- Part 44 Subcontracting Policies and Procedures 24 sections
- Part 45 Government Property 33 sections
- Part 46 Quality Assurance 60 sections
- Part 47 Transportation 106 sections
- Part 48 Value Engineering 13 sections
- Part 49 Termination of Contracts 108 sections
- Part 50 Extraordinary Contractual Actions and the Safety Act 34 sections
- Part 51 Use of Government Sources by Contractors 15 sections
- Part 52 Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses 680 sections
- Part 53 Forms 61 sections
DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)
- Part 201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 24 sections
- Part 202 Definitions of Words and Terms 1 sections
- Part 203 Improper Business Practices and Personal Conflicts of Interest 28 sections
- Part 204 Administrative and Information Matters 76 sections
- Part 205 Publicizing Contract Actions 11 sections
- Part 206 Competition Requirements 20 sections
- Part 207 Acquisition Planning 22 sections
- Part 208 Required Sources of Supplies and Services 31 sections
- Part 209 Contractor Qualifications 55 sections
- Part 210 Market Research 2 sections
- Part 211 Describing Agency Needs 22 sections
- Part 212 Acquisition of Commercial Products and Commercial Services 24 sections
- Part 213 Simplified Acquisition Procedures 23 sections
- Part 214 Sealed Bidding 14 sections
- Part 215 Contracting by Negotiation 66 sections
- Part 216 Types of Contracts 36 sections
- Part 217 Special Contracting Methods 64 sections
- Part 218 Emergency Acquisitions 7 sections
- Part 219 Small Business Programs 47 sections
- Part 222 Application of Labor Laws to Government Acquisitions 56 sections
- Part 223 Environment, Sustainable Acquisition, and Material Safety 34 sections
- Part 224 Protection of Privacy and Freedom of Information 2 sections
- Part 225 Foreign Acquisition 251 sections
- Part 226 Other Socioeconomic Programs 14 sections
- Part 227 Patents, Data, and Copyrights 99 sections
- Part 228 Bonds and Insurance 17 sections
- Part 229 Taxes 9 sections
- Part 230 Cost Accounting Standards Administration 2 sections
- Part 231 Contract Cost Principles and Procedures 13 sections
- Part 232 Contract Financing 74 sections
- Part 233 Protests, Disputes, and Appeals 8 sections
- Part 234 Major System Acquisition 13 sections
- Part 235 Research and Development Contracting 16 sections
- Part 236 Construction and Architect-engineer Contracts 25 sections
- Part 237 Service Contracting 67 sections
- Part 239 Acquisition of Information Technology 38 sections
- Part 241 Acquisition of Utility Services 8 sections
- Part 242 Contract Administration and Audit Services 40 sections
- Part 243 Contract Modifications 18 sections
- Part 244 Subcontracting Policies and Procedures 13 sections
- Part 245 Government Property 23 sections
- Part 246 Quality Assurance 39 sections
- Part 247 Transportation 27 sections
- Part 249 Termination of Contracts 14 sections
- Part 250 Extraordinary Contractual Actions and the Safety Act 16 sections
- Part 251 Use of Government Sources by Contractors 5 sections
- Part 252 Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses 405 sections
- Part 253 Forms 10 sections
- Part 270 Defense Contracting Programs 7 sections
Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.