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48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

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495 sections with “reasonable”: the first 40

  • FAR 25.106 Determining reasonableness of cost.
    …e Buy American statute apply to the low offer, the contracting officer must determine the reasonableness of the cost of the domestic offer by adding to the price of the low offer, inclusive of duty— (A) 20 percent, if the lowest domestic o…
  • FAR 31.201-3 Determining reasonableness.
    (a) A cost is reasonable if, in its nature and amount, it does not exceed that which would be incurred by a prudent person in the conduct of competitive business. Reasonableness of specific costs must be examined with particular care in con…
  • DFARS 212.209 Determination of price reasonableness.
    …(d), agencies shall conduct or obtain market research to support the determination of the reasonableness of price for commercial products and commercial services contained in any bid or offer submitted in response to an agency solicitation.…
  • DFARS 215.371-3 Fair and reasonable price and the requirement for additional cost or pricing data.
    …e required to determine through cost or price analysis that the offered price is fair and reasonable, the contracting officer shall require that any cost or pricing data provided in the proposal be certified if the acquisition exceeds the c…
  • FAR 12.209 Determination of price reasonableness.
    While the contracting officer must establish price reasonableness in accordance with 13.106-3, 14.408-2, or subpart 15.4, as applicable, the contracting officer should be aware of customary commercial terms and conditions when pricing comme…
  • FAR 14.408-2 Responsible bidder—reasonableness of price.
    …a prospective contractor is responsible (see subpart 9.1) and that the prices offered are reasonable before awarding the contract. The price analysis techniques in 15.404-1(b) may be used as guidelines. In each case the determination shall …
  • FAR 3.503 Unreasonable restrictions on subcontractor sales.
  • DFARS 225.106 Determining reasonableness of cost.
    (b) Use an evaluation factor of 50 percent instead of the factors specified in FAR 25.106(b)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(i).
  • FAR 2.101 Definitions.
    …d through a comprehensive plan for fulfilling the agency need in a timely manner and at a reasonable cost. It includes developing the overall strategy for managing the acquisition. Activity Address Code (AAC) means a distinct six-position …
  • FAR 8.404 Use of Federal Supply Schedules.
    …, and rates for services offered at hourly rates, under schedule contracts to be fair and reasonable. Therefore, ordering activities are not required to make a separate determination of fair and reasonable pricing, except for a price evalua…
  • FAR 8.405-3 Blanket purchase agreements (BPAs).
    …o be performed; (C) Only one source is qualified and capable of performing the work at a reasonable price to the Government; or (D) It is necessary in the public interest to award the BPA to a single source for exceptional circumstances. …
  • FAR 13.106-3 Award and documentation.
    … making award, the contracting officer must determine that the proposed price is fair and reasonable. (1) Whenever possible, base price reasonableness on competitive quotations or offers. (2) If only one response is received, include a st…
  • FAR 15.402 Pricing policy.
    … officers shall— (a) Purchase supplies and services from responsible sources at fair and reasonable prices. In establishing the reasonableness of the offered prices, the contracting officer— (1) Shall obtain certified cost or pricing data…
  • FAR 15.403-1 Prohibition on obtaining certified cost or pricing data (10 U.S.C. chapter 271 and 41 U.S.C. chapter 35).
    …ied cost or pricing data as defined in FAR 2.101 to support a determination of a fair and reasonable price or cost realism)— (1) When the contracting officer determines that prices agreed upon are based on adequate price competition (see s…
  • FAR 15.403-3 Requiring data other than certified cost or pricing data.
    …le from Government or other secondary sources and use that data in determining a fair and reasonable price; (ii) Require submission of data other than certified cost or pricing data, as defined in 2.101, from the offeror to the extent nece…
  • FAR 15.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.
    …he objective of proposal analysis is to ensure that the final agreed-to price is fair and reasonable. (1) The contracting officer is responsible for evaluating the reasonableness of the offered prices. The analytical techniques and procedu…
  • FAR 15.408 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.
    …vide data showing the degree of competition and the basis for establishing the source and reasonableness of price for those acquisitions (such as subcontracts, purchase orders, material order, etc.) exceeding, or expected to exceed, the app…
  • FAR 19.502-2 Total small business set-asides.
    … be set aside for small business unless the contracting officer determines there is not a reasonable expectation of obtaining offers from two or more responsible small business concerns that are competitive in terms of fair market prices, q…
  • FAR 23.103 Policy.
    …cable, unless the agency cannot acquire products or services— (i) Competitively within a reasonable performance schedule; (ii) That meet reasonable performance requirements; or (iii) At a reasonable price (see 23.103(a)(2)). (2) When co…
  • FAR 25.204 Evaluating offers of foreign construction material.
    …l proposed for exception from the requirements of the Buy American statute based on the unreasonable cost of domestic construction materials. In the case of a tie, the contracting officer shall give preference to an offer that does not incl…
  • FAR 27.302 Policy.
    …inventions to meet the needs of the Government and protect the public against nonuse or unreasonable use of inventions; and (6) Minimize the costs of administering patent policies. (b) Contractor right to elect title. (1) Generally, pursu…
  • FAR 31.205-6 Compensation for personal services.
    … (2) The total compensation for individual employees or job classes of employees must be reasonable for the work performed; however, specific restrictions on individual compensation elements apply when prescribed. (3) The compensation mus…
  • FAR 31.205-42 Termination costs.
    … that the quantities of such items on hand, in transit, and on order are in excess of the reasonable quantitative requirements of other work. (b) Costs continuing after termination. Despite all reasonable efforts by the contractor, costs w…
  • FAR 31.205-46 Travel costs.
    …actual costs incurred, or on a combination thereof, provided the method used results in a reasonable charge. Costs for lodging, meals, and incidental expenses may be based on per diem, actual expenses, or a combination thereof, provided the…
  • FAR 33.104 Protests to GAO.
    …e award has been made, or, if no award has been made, to all parties who appear to have a reasonable prospect of receiving award if the protest is denied. The agency shall furnish copies of the protest submissions to such parties with instr…
  • FAR 52.203-12 Limitation on Payments to Influence Certain Federal Transactions.
    …rposes specified in paragraph (b) of this clause and are permitted by other Federal law. Reasonable compensation means, with respect to a regularly employed officer or employee of any person, compensation that is consistent with the normal…
  • FAR 52.212-4 Contract Terms and Conditions—Commercial Products and Commercial Services.
    …supplies or services. The Government must exercise its postacceptance rights (1) within a reasonable time after the defect was discovered or should have been discovered; and (2) before any substantial change occurs in the condition of the i…
  • FAR 52.216-7 Allowable Cost and Payment.
    …r may submit to an authorized representative of the Contracting Officer, in such form and reasonable detail as the representative may require, an invoice or voucher supported by a statement of the claimed allowable cost for performing this …
  • FAR 52.225-9 Buy American—Construction Materials.
    …he Government determines that— (i) The cost of domestic construction material would be unreasonable. (A) For domestic construction material that is not a critical item or does not contain critical components. (1) The cost of a particular …
  • FAR 52.225-11 Buy American—Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements.
    …he Government determines that— (i) The cost of domestic construction material would be unreasonable. (A) For domestic construction material that is not a critical item or does not contain critical components. (1) The cost of a particular …
  • FAR 52.225-21 Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods—Buy American Statute—Construction Materials.
    …he Government determines that— (i) The cost of domestic construction material would be unreasonable; (A) The cost of domestic manufactured construction material, when compared to the cost of comparable foreign manufactured construction ma…
  • FAR 52.225-23 Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods—Buy American Statute—Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements.
    …he Government determines that— (i) The cost of domestic construction material would be unreasonable; (A) The cost of domestic manufactured construction material is unreasonable when the cumulative cost of such material, when compared to t…
  • FAR 52.232-12 Advance Payments.
    …ithdraw funds from the special account only to pay for properly allocable, allowable, and reasonable costs for direct materials, direct labor, and indirect costs. Other withdrawals require approval in writing by the administering office. De…
  • FAR 52.245-1 Government Property.
    …ernment property includes, but is not limited to— (1) Items that cannot be found after a reasonable search; (2) Theft; (3) Damage resulting in unexpected harm to property requiring repair to restore the item to usable condition; or (4) …
  • FAR 52.246-2 Inspection of Supplies—Fixed-Price.
    …rnish, and shall require subcontractors to furnish, at no increase in contract price, all reasonable facilities and assistance for the safe and convenient performance of these duties. Except as otherwise provided in the contract, the Govern…
  • FAR 52.246-17 Warranty of Supplies of a Noncomplex Nature.
    …delivery under this contract,” or “45 days after discovery of the defect”]. (2) Within a reasonable time after the notice, the Contracting Officer may either— (i) Require, by written notice, the prompt correction or replacement of any sup…
  • FAR 52.249-2 Termination for Convenience of the Government (Fixed-Price).
    …t to be paid or remaining to be paid because of the termination. The amount may include a reasonable allowance for profit on work done. However, the agreed amount, whether under this paragraph (f) or paragraph (g) of this clause, exclusive …
  • DFARS 215.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.
    …icitation, pricing based on market prices is the preferred method to establish a fair and reasonable price (see PGI 215.404-1(b)(i)). (ii) If the contracting officer determines that the information obtained through market research is insuf…
  • DFARS 225.7303-2 Cost of doing business with a foreign government or an international organization.
    … as described in 225.7303-1 do not exist, except as provided in 225.7303-5, recognize the reasonable and allocable costs of doing business with a foreign government or international organization, even though such costs might not be recogniz…
  • DFARS 227.7103-13 Government right to review, verify, challenge, and validate asserted restrictions.
    …S.C. 3782, the Government has the right to challenge asserted restrictions when there are reasonable grounds to question the validity of the assertion and continued adherence to the assertion would make it impractical to later procure compe…

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.