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48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

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57 sections with “reasonableness”: the first 40

  • DFARS 212.209 Determination of price reasonableness.
    …(d), agencies shall conduct or obtain market research to support the determination of the reasonableness of price for commercial products and commercial services contained in any bid or offer submitted in response to an agency solicitation.…
  • FAR 25.106 Determining reasonableness of cost.
    …e Buy American statute apply to the low offer, the contracting officer must determine the reasonableness of the cost of the domestic offer by adding to the price of the low offer, inclusive of duty— (A) 20 percent, if the lowest domestic o…
  • FAR 31.201-3 Determining reasonableness.
    … that which would be incurred by a prudent person in the conduct of competitive business. Reasonableness of specific costs must be examined with particular care in connection with firms or their separate divisions that may not be subject to…
  • FAR 12.209 Determination of price reasonableness.
    While the contracting officer must establish price reasonableness in accordance with 13.106-3, 14.408-2, or subpart 15.4, as applicable, the contracting officer should be aware of customary commercial terms and conditions when pricing comme…
  • FAR 14.408-2 Responsible bidder—reasonableness of price.
    (a) The contracting officer shall determine that a prospective contractor is responsible (see subpart 9.1) and that the prices offered are reasonable before awarding the contract. The price analysis techniques in 15.404-1(b) may be used as …
  • DFARS 225.106 Determining reasonableness of cost.
    (b) Use an evaluation factor of 50 percent instead of the factors specified in FAR 25.106(b)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(i).
  • FAR 15.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.
    …ce is fair and reasonable. (1) The contracting officer is responsible for evaluating the reasonableness of the offered prices. The analytical techniques and procedures described in this section may be used, singly or in combination with ot…
  • DFARS 215.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.
    …es that the information obtained through market research is insufficient to determine the reasonableness of price, the contracting officer shall consider information submitted by the offeror of recent purchase prices paid by the Government …
  • DFARS 234.7002 Policy.
    …tem, component, or spare part, if available. (e) Relevant information to determine price reasonableness. For products relying on paragraph (3)(ii) of the “commercial product” definition at FAR 2.101, see FAR 15.403-1(c)(3)(iii)(C). See 212…
  • DFARS 252.215-7010 Requirements for Certified Cost or Pricing Data and Data Other Than Certified Cost or Pricing Data.
    …d by an offeror on sales of the same or similar items that can be used to establish price reasonableness taking into consideration the age, volume, and nature of the transactions (including any related discounts, refunds, rebates, offsets, …
  • FAR 15.403-3 Requiring data other than certified cost or pricing data.
    …ch the same item or similar items have previously been sold, adequate for determining the reasonableness of the price unless an exception under 15.403-1(b)(1) or (2) applies; and (v) Consider the guidance in section 3.3, chapter 3, volume …
  • FAR 13.106-3 Award and documentation.
    …ermine that the proposed price is fair and reasonable. (1) Whenever possible, base price reasonableness on competitive quotations or offers. (2) If only one response is received, include a statement of price reasonableness in the contract…
  • FAR 15.408 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.
    …vide data showing the degree of competition and the basis for establishing the source and reasonableness of price for those acquisitions (such as subcontracts, purchase orders, material order, etc.) exceeding, or expected to exceed, the app…
  • FAR 31.109 Advance agreements.
    …part applies broadly to many accounting systems in varying contract situations. Thus, the reasonableness, the allocability and the allowability under the specific cost principles at subparts 31.2, 31.3, 31.6, and 31.7 of certain costs may b…
  • FAR 31.205-6 Compensation for personal services.
    …under the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) and regulations under it is unallowable. (b) Reasonableness—(1) Compensation pursuant to labor-management agreements. If costs of compensation established under “arm's length” labor-management ag…
  • FAR 13.203 Purchase guidelines.
    …-3(b) considers the price to be reasonable. (3) The administrative cost of verifying the reasonableness of the price for purchases may more than offset potential savings from detecting instances of overpricing. Therefore, action to verify …
  • FAR 15.305 Proposal evaluation.
    …the contract file. (1) Cost or price evaluation. Normally, competition establishes price reasonableness. Therefore, when contracting on a firm-fixed-price or fixed-price with economic price adjustment basis, comparison of the proposed pric…
  • FAR 15.402 Pricing policy.
    … and services from responsible sources at fair and reasonable prices. In establishing the reasonableness of the offered prices, the contracting officer— (1) Shall obtain certified cost or pricing data when required by 15.403-4, along with …
  • FAR 15.403-1 Prohibition on obtaining certified cost or pricing data (10 U.S.C. chapter 271 and 41 U.S.C. chapter 35).
    …the offeror has submitted sufficient information to evaluate, through price analysis, the reasonableness of the price of such services. (B) In order to make this determination, the contracting officer may request the offeror to submit pric…
  • FAR 15.404-3 Subcontract pricing considerations.
    …iated the subcontract prices before negotiation of the prime contract, in determining the reasonableness of the prime contract price. This does not relieve the contracting officer from the responsibility to analyze the contractor's submissi…
  • FAR 25.204 Evaluating offers of foreign construction material.
    …tates and exceeds 55 percent domestic content as a domestic offer; and (B) Determine the reasonableness of the cost of this offer by applying the evaluation factor listed in paragraph (b)(1)(i) to the low offer. (iii) The procedures in pa…
  • FAR 52.215-20 Requirements for Certified Cost or Pricing Data and Data Other Than Certified Cost or Pricing Data.
    …ms have previously been sold in the commercial market that is adequate for evaluating the reasonableness of the price for this acquisition. Such information may include— (A) For catalog items, a copy of or identification of the catalog and…
  • FAR 52.215-21 Requirements for Certified Cost or Pricing Data and Data Other Than Certified Cost or Pricing Data—Modifications.
    … same item or similar items have previously been sold that is adequate for evaluating the reasonableness of the price of the modification. Such information may include— (1) For catalog items, a copy of or identification of the catalog and …
  • DFARS 215.402 Pricing policy.
    …r determining if the information provided by the offeror is sufficient to determine price reasonableness. This responsibility includes determining whether information on the prices at which the same or similar items have previously been sol…
  • DFARS 215.403-1 Prohibition on obtaining certified cost or pricing data (10 U.S.C. chapter 271 and 41 U.S.C. chapter 35).
    … two offerors that are individually capable of producing the full quantity; and (ii) The reasonableness of all prices awarded is clearly established on the basis of price analysis (see FAR 15.404-1(b)). (B) If only one offer is received i…
  • DFARS 215.403-3 Requiring data other than certified cost or pricing data.
    … (iii) The urgency or criticality of the Government's need for the item or service. (iv) Reasonableness of the price of the contract, subcontract, or modification of the contract or subcontract based on information available to the contrac…
  • DFARS 252.204-7023 Reporting Requirements for Contracted Services.
    …nt fiscal year. (d) The Government will review the Contractor's reported information for reasonableness and consistency with available contract information. In the event the Government believes that revisions to the Contractor's reported i…
  • FAR 4.1703 Reporting requirements.
    … Indefinite-Delivery Contracts. Agencies shall review contractor reported information for reasonableness and consistency with available contract information. The agency is not required to address data for which the agency would not normally…
  • FAR 8.405-2 Ordering procedures for services requiring a statement of work.
    …e the order; (5) The rationale for any tradeoffs in making the selection; (6) The price reasonableness determination required by paragraph (d) of this subsection; (7) The rationale for using other than— (i) A firm-fixed price order; or …
  • FAR 8.405-3 Blanket purchase agreements (BPAs).
    …ting the contractor, the rationale for any tradeoffs in making the selection, and a price reasonableness determination for services requiring a statement of work. (b) Competitive procedures for establishing a BPA. This paragraph applies to…
  • FAR 12.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial products and commercial services.
    …cted by 52.104(d). When cost information is obtained pursuant to part 15 to establish the reasonableness of prices for commercial products or commercial services, the contracting officer shall insert the clauses prescribed for this purpose …
  • FAR 14.404-1 Cancellation of invitations after opening.
    …able prices, or only one bid is received and the contracting officer cannot determine the reasonableness of the bid price; (7) The bids were not independently arrived at in open competition, were collusive, or were submitted in bad faith (…
  • FAR 14.404-2 Rejection of individual bids.
    …d if the contracting officer determines in writing that it is unreasonable as to price. Unreasonableness of price includes not only the total price of the bid, but the prices for individual line items as well. (g) Any bid may be rejected i…
  • FAR 15.404-2 Data to support proposal analysis.
    …t, completed within the preceding 12 months, is considered inadequate for determining the reasonableness of the proposed indirect costs (41 U.S.C. 4706 and 10 U.S.C. 3841). (3) The auditor is responsible for the scope and depth of the audi…
  • FAR 25.105 Critical components and critical items.
    …vide sufficient data and rationale to permit evaluation (see 1.502). (c) For determining reasonableness of cost for domestic end products that contain critical components or are critical items (see 25.106(c)).
  • FAR 31.201-2 Determining allowability.
    …ost is allowable only when the cost complies with all of the following requirements: (1) Reasonableness. (2) Allocability. (3) Standards promulgated by the CAS Board, if applicable, otherwise, generally accepted accounting principles and…
  • FAR 31.205-37 Royalties and other costs for use of patents.
    …nenforceable; or (4) The patent is expired. (b) Care should be exercised in determining reasonableness when the royalties may have been arrived at as a result of less-than-arm's-length bargaining; e.g., royalties— (1) Paid to persons, in…
  • FAR 35.016 Broad agency announcement.
    …hall be technical, importance to agency programs, and fund availability. Cost realism and reasonableness shall also be considered to the extent appropriate. (f) Synopsis under subpart 5.2, Synopses of Proposed Contract Actions, of individu…
  • FAR 36.601-3 Applicable contracting procedures.
    … of recovered materials consistent with the performance requirements, availability, price reasonableness, and cost-effectiveness. Where appropriate, the statement of work also shall require the architect-engineer to consider energy conserva…
  • FAR 42.705-3 Educational institutions.
    … significant variations in costs incurred or in bases used that may have a bearing on the reasonableness of the proposed rates. However, in the case of smaller contracts (i.e., contracts that do not exceed the simplified acquisition thresho…

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.