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48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

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5,335 sections with “D&F”: the first 40

  • FAR 1.700 Scope of subpart.
    This subpart prescribes general policies and procedures for the use of determinations and findings (D&F's). Requirements for specific types of D&F's can be found with the appropriate subject matter.
  • FAR 1.701 Definition.
    Determination and Findings (D&F) means a special form of written approval by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contract actions. The determination is a conclusion or decisio…
  • FAR 1.702 General.
    (a) A D&F shall ordinarily be for an individual contract action. Unless otherwise prohibited, class D&F's may be executed for classes of contract action (see 1.703). The approval granted by a D&F is restricted to the proposed contract actio…
  • FAR 1.703 Class determinations and findings.
    (a) A class D&F provides authority for a class of contract actions. A class may consist of contract actions for the same or related supplies or services or other contract actions that require essentially identical justification. (b) The fi…
  • FAR 1.704 Content.
    Each D&F shall set forth enough facts and circumstances to clearly and convincingly justify the specific determination made. As a minimum, each D&F shall include, in the prescribed agency format, the following information: (a) Identificati…
  • FAR 1.705 Supersession and modification.
    (a) If a D&F is superseded by another D&F, that action shall not render invalid any action taken under the original D&F prior to the date of its supersession. (b) The contracting officer need not cancel the solicitation if the D&F, as modi…
  • FAR 1.706 Expiration.
    Expiration dates are required for class D&F's and are optional for individual D&F's. Authority to act under an individual D&F expires when it is exercised or on an expiration date specified in the document, whichever occurs first. Authority…
  • FAR 1.707 Signatory authority.
    When a D&F is required, it shall be signed by the appropriate official in accordance with agency regulations. Authority to sign or delegate signature authority for the various D&F's is as shown in the applicable FAR part.
  • FAR 6.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.
    (a) Agencies may exclude a particular source from a contract action in order to establish or maintain an alternative source or sources for the supplies or services being acquired if the agency head determines that to do so would— (1) Incre…
  • FAR 8.404 Use of Federal Supply Schedules.
    (a) General. Parts 13 (except 13.303-2(c)(3)), 14, 15, and 19 (except for the requirements at 19.102(b)(3) and 19.202-1(e)(1)(iii))do not apply to BPAs or orders placed against Federal Supply Schedules contracts (but see 8.405-5). BPAs and …
  • FAR 12.207 Contract type.
    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, agencies shall use firm-fixed-price contracts or fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment for the acquisition of commercial products or commercial services. (b)(1) A time…
  • FAR 16.102 Policies.
    (a) Contracts resulting from sealed bidding shall be firm-fixed-price contracts or fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment. (b) Contracts negotiated under part 15 may be of any type or combination of types that will promote th…
  • FAR 17.502-2 The Economy Act.
    (a) The Economy Act (31 U.S.C. 1535) authorizes agencies to enter into agreements to obtain supplies or services from another agency. The FAR applies when one agency uses another agency's contract to obtain supplies or services. If the inte…
  • FAR 17.503 Ordering procedures.
    (a) Before placing an order for supplies or services with another Government agency, the requesting agency shall follow the procedures in 17.502-1 and, if under the Economy Act, also 17.502-2. (b) The order may be placed on any form or doc…
  • FAR 35.017-3 Using an FFRDC.
    (a) All work placed with the FFRDC must be within the purpose, mission, general scope of effort, or special competency of the FFRDC. (b) Where the use of the FFRDC by a nonsponsor is permitted by the sponsor, the sponsor shall be responsib…
  • DFARS 206.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.
    (a) Agencies may use this authority to totally or partially exclude a particular source from a contract action. (b) The determination and findings (D&F) and the documentation supporting the D&F shall identify the source to be excluded from…
  • DFARS 237.104 Personal services contracts.
    (b)(i) Authorization to acquire the personal services of experts and consultants is included in 10 U.S.C. 129b. Personal service contracts for expert and consultant services must also be authorized by a determination and findings (D&F) in a…
  • FAR 1.000 Scope of part.
    This part sets forth basic policies and general information about the Federal Acquisition Regulations System including purpose, authority, applicability, issuance, arrangement, numbering, dissemination, implementation, supplementation, main…
  • FAR 1.101 Purpose.
    The Federal Acquisition Regulations System is established for the codification and publication of uniform policies and procedures for acquisition by all executive agencies. The Federal Acquisition Regulations System consists of the Federal …
  • FAR 1.102 Statement of guiding principles for the Federal Acquisition System.
    (a) The vision for the Federal Acquisition System is to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the customer, while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives. Participants in the acquisiti…
  • FAR 1.102-1 Discussion.
    (a) Introduction. The statement of Guiding Principles for the Federal Acquisition System (System) represents a concise statement designed to be user-friendly for all participants in Government acquisition. The following discussion of the pr…
  • FAR 1.102-2 Performance standards.
    (a) Satisfy the customer in terms of cost, quality, and timeliness of the delivered product or service. (1) The principal customers for the product or service provided by the System are the users and line managers, acting on behalf of the A…
  • FAR 1.102-3 Evaluating agency acquisition processes.
    (a) Agencies are encouraged to develop internal procedures seeking voluntary feedback from interested parties in an acquisition to assess process strengths and weaknesses and improve effectiveness and efficiency of the acquisition process. …
  • FAR 1.102-4 Acquisition team.
    The purpose of defining the Federal Acquisition Team (Team) in the Guiding Principles is to ensure that participants in the System are identified—beginning with the customer and ending with the contractor of the product or service. By ident…
  • FAR 1.102-5 Role of the acquisition team.
    (a) Government members of the Team must be empowered to make acquisition decisions within their areas of responsibility, including selection, negotiation, and administration of contracts consistent with the Guiding Principles. In particular…
  • FAR 1.103 Authority.
    (a) The development of the FAR System is in accordance with the requirements of 41 U.S.C. chapter 13, Acquisition Councils. (b) The FAR is prepared, issued, and maintained, and the FAR System is prescribed, jointly by the Secretary of Defe…
  • FAR 1.104 Applicability.
    The FAR applies to all acquisitions as defined in part 2 of the FAR, except where expressly excluded.
  • FAR 1.105 Issuance.
  • FAR 1.105-1 Publication and code arrangement.
    (a) The FAR is published in— (1) The daily issue of the Federal Register; (2) Cumulated form in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR); and (3) A separate edition available at https://www.acquisition.gov/browse/index/far. (b) The FAR is …
  • FAR 1.105-2 Arrangement of regulations.
    (a) General. The FAR is divided into subchapters, parts (each of which covers a separate aspect of acquisition), subparts, sections, and subsections. (b) Numbering. (1) The numbering system permits the discrete identification of every FAR …
  • FAR 1.105-3 Copies.
    Copies of the FAR in CFR form may be purchased from the Bookstore of the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402.
  • FAR 1.106 OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act.
    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. chapter 35) imposes a requirement on Federal agencies to obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) before collecting information from 10 or more members of the public. The …
  • FAR 1.107 Certifications.
    In accordance with 41 U.S.C. 1304, a new requirement for a certification by a contractor or offeror may not be included in this chapter unless— (a) The certification requirement is specifically imposed by statute; or (b) Written justifica…
  • FAR 1.108 FAR conventions.
    The following conventions provide guidance for interpreting the FAR: (a) Words and terms. Definitions in Part 2 apply to the entire regulation unless specifically defined in another part, subpart, section, provision, or clause. Words or te…
  • FAR 1.109 Statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds—adjustment for inflation.
    (a) 41 U.S.C. 1908 requires that the FAR Council periodically adjust all statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds in the FAR for inflation, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. This adjustment is calculated every 5 ye…
  • FAR 1.110 Positive law codification.
    (a) Public Law 107-217 revised, codified, and enacted as title 40, United States Code, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, certain general and permanent laws of the United States. (b) Public Law 111-350 revised, codified, and enacted as…
  • FAR 1.201 Maintenance of the FAR.
  • FAR 1.201-1 The two councils.
    (a) Subject to the authorities discussed in 1.103, revisions to the FAR will be prepared and issued through the coordinated action of two councils, the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council (DAR Council) and the Civilian Agency Acquisitio…
  • FAR 1.201-2 FAR Secretariat.
    (a) The General Services Administration is responsible for establishing and operating the FAR Secretariat to publish and distribute the FAR through the Code of Federal Regulations system (including a separate online edition with periodic up…
  • FAR 1.202 Agency compliance with the FAR.
    Agency compliance with the FAR (see 1.304) is the responsibility of the Secretary of Defense (for the military departments and defense agencies), the Administrator of General Services (for civilian agencies other than NASA), and the Adminis…

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.