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48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

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5,335 sections with “R&D”: the first 40

  • FAR 2.101 Definitions.
    A word or a term, defined in this section, has the same meaning throughout this chapter (the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)) unless the context in which the word or term is used clearly requires a different meaning or another FAR part…
  • FAR 5.205 Special situations.
    (a) Research and development (R&D) advance notices. Contracting officers may transmit to the GPE advance notices of their interest in potential R&D programs whenever market research does not produce a sufficient number of concerns to obtain…
  • FAR 27.201-2 Contract clauses.
    (a)(1) Insert the clause at 52.227-1, Authorization and Consent, in solicitations and contracts except that use of the clause is— (i) Optional when using simplified acquisition procedures; and (ii) Prohibited when both complete performanc…
  • FAR 31.001 Definitions.
    As used in this part— Accrued benefit cost method means an actuarial cost method under which units of benefits are assigned to each cost accounting period and are valued as they accrue; i.e., based on the services performed by each employe…
  • FAR 31.205-18 Independent research and development and bid and proposal costs.
    (a) Definitions. As used in this subsection— Applied research means that effort which (1) normally follows basic research, but may not be severable from the related basic research, (2) attempts to determine and exploit the potential of sci…
  • FAR 35.000 Scope of part.
    (a) This part prescribes policies and procedures of special application to research and development (R&D) contracting. (b) R&D integral to acquisition of major systems is covered in part 34. Independent research and development (IR&D) is c…
  • FAR 35.002 General.
    The primary purpose of contracted R&D programs is to advance scientific and technical knowledge and apply that knowledge to the extent necessary to achieve agency and national goals. Unlike contracts for supplies and services, most R&D cont…
  • FAR 35.004 Publicizing requirements and expanding research and development sources.
    (a) In order to obtain a broad base of the best contractor sources from the scientific and industrial community, agencies must, in addition to following the requirements of part 5, continually search for and develop information on sources (…
  • FAR 35.005 Work statement.
    (a) A clear and complete work statement concerning the area of exploration (for basic research) or the end objectives (for development and applied research) is essential. The work statement should allow contractors freedom to exercise innov…
  • FAR 35.006 Contracting methods and contract type.
    (a) In R&D acquisitions, the precise specifications necessary for sealed bidding are generally not available, thus making negotiation necessary. However, the use of negotiation in R&D contracting does not change the obligation to comply wit…
  • FAR 35.007 Solicitations.
    (a) The submission and subsequent evaluation of an inordinate number of R&D proposals from sources lacking appropriate qualifications is costly and time-consuming to both industry and the Government. Therefore, contracting officers should i…
  • FAR 35.008 Evaluation for award.
    (a) Generally, an R&D contract should be awarded to that organization, including any educational institution, that proposes the best ideas or concepts and has the highest competence in the specific field of science or technology involved. H…
  • FAR 35.009 Subcontracting research and development effort.
    Since the selection of R&D contractors is substantially based on the best scientific and technological sources, it is important that the contractor not subcontract technical or scientific work without the contracting officer's advance knowl…
  • FAR 35.010 Scientific and technical reports.
    (a) R&D contracts shall require contractors to furnish scientific and technical reports, consistent with the objectives of the effort involved, as a permanent record of the work accomplished under the contract. (b) Agencies should make R&D…
  • FAR 35.011 Data.
    (a) R&D contracts shall specify the technical data to be delivered under the contract, since the data clauses required by part 27 do not require the delivery of any such data. (b) In planning a developmental program when subsequent product…
  • FAR 35.014 Government property and title.
    (a) The requirements in part 45 for establishing and maintaining control over Government property apply to all R&D contracts. (b) In implementing 31 U.S.C. 6306, and unless an agency head provides otherwise, the policies in subparagraphs (…
  • FAR 35.015 Contracts for research with educational institutions and nonprofit organizations.
    (a) General. (1) When the R&D work is not defined precisely and the contract states only a period during which work is conducted (that is, a specific time for achievement of results is not required), research contracts with educational inst…
  • FAR 35.017-6 Master list of FFRDC's.
    The National Science Foundation (NSF) maintains a master Government list of FFRDC's. Primary sponsors will provide information on each FFRDC, including sponsoring agreements, mission statements, funding data, and type of R&D being performed…
  • FAR 45.303 Use of Government property on independent research and development programs.
    The contracting officer may authorize a contractor to use the property on an independent research and development (IR&D) program, if— (a) Such use will not conflict with the primary use of the property or enable the contractor to retain pr…
  • FAR 52.248-1 Value Engineering.
    As prescribed in 48.201, insert the following clause: Value Engineering (JUN 2020) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit value engineering change proposals (VECP's) voluntarily. The Contractor shall sha…
  • DFARS 204.7103-1 Criteria for establishing.
    Contracts shall identify the items or services to be acquired as separate contract line items unless it is not feasible to do so. (a) Contract line items shall have all four of the following characteristics; however, there are exceptions w…
  • DFARS 225.7303-2 Cost of doing business with a foreign government or an international organization.
    (a) In pricing FMS contracts where non-U.S. Government prices as described in 225.7303-1 do not exist, except as provided in 225.7303-5, recognize the reasonable and allocable costs of doing business with a foreign government or internation…
  • DFARS 225.7303-5 Acquisitions wholly paid for from nonrepayable funds.
    (a) In accordance with 22 U.S.C. 2762(d), price FMS wholly paid for from funds made available on a nonrepayable basis on the same costing basis with regard to profit, overhead, IR&D/B&P, and other costing elements as is applicable to acquis…
  • DFARS 231.205-18 Independent research and development and bid and proposal costs.
    (a) Definitions. As used in this section— Covered contract means a DoD prime contract for an amount exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold, except for a fixed-price contract without cost incentives. The term also includes a subcont…
  • DFARS 242.302 Contract administration functions.
    (a) (7) See 242.7502 for ACO responsibilities with regard to receipt of an audit report identifying significant accounting system or related internal control weaknesses or deficiencies. (9) For additional contract administration functions …
  • DFARS 242.771-2 Policy.
    Defense contractors are encouraged to engage in independent research and development (IR&D) projects that will advance the needs of DoD for future technology and advanced capability (see 231.205-18(c)(iii)).
  • DFARS 242.771-3 Responsibilities.
    (a) The cognizant administrative contracting officer (ACO) or corporate ACO shall determine cost allowability of IR&D costs and bid and proposal (B&P) costs as set forth in 231.205-18 and FAR 31.205-18. (b) The Defense Contract Audit Agenc…
  • FAR 1.000 Scope of part.
    This part sets forth basic policies and general information about the Federal Acquisition Regulations System including purpose, authority, applicability, issuance, arrangement, numbering, dissemination, implementation, supplementation, main…
  • FAR 1.101 Purpose.
    The Federal Acquisition Regulations System is established for the codification and publication of uniform policies and procedures for acquisition by all executive agencies. The Federal Acquisition Regulations System consists of the Federal …
  • FAR 1.102 Statement of guiding principles for the Federal Acquisition System.
    (a) The vision for the Federal Acquisition System is to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the customer, while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives. Participants in the acquisiti…
  • FAR 1.102-1 Discussion.
    (a) Introduction. The statement of Guiding Principles for the Federal Acquisition System (System) represents a concise statement designed to be user-friendly for all participants in Government acquisition. The following discussion of the pr…
  • FAR 1.102-2 Performance standards.
    (a) Satisfy the customer in terms of cost, quality, and timeliness of the delivered product or service. (1) The principal customers for the product or service provided by the System are the users and line managers, acting on behalf of the A…
  • FAR 1.102-3 Evaluating agency acquisition processes.
    (a) Agencies are encouraged to develop internal procedures seeking voluntary feedback from interested parties in an acquisition to assess process strengths and weaknesses and improve effectiveness and efficiency of the acquisition process. …
  • FAR 1.102-4 Acquisition team.
    The purpose of defining the Federal Acquisition Team (Team) in the Guiding Principles is to ensure that participants in the System are identified—beginning with the customer and ending with the contractor of the product or service. By ident…
  • FAR 1.102-5 Role of the acquisition team.
    (a) Government members of the Team must be empowered to make acquisition decisions within their areas of responsibility, including selection, negotiation, and administration of contracts consistent with the Guiding Principles. In particular…
  • FAR 1.103 Authority.
    (a) The development of the FAR System is in accordance with the requirements of 41 U.S.C. chapter 13, Acquisition Councils. (b) The FAR is prepared, issued, and maintained, and the FAR System is prescribed, jointly by the Secretary of Defe…
  • FAR 1.104 Applicability.
    The FAR applies to all acquisitions as defined in part 2 of the FAR, except where expressly excluded.
  • FAR 1.105 Issuance.
  • FAR 1.105-1 Publication and code arrangement.
    (a) The FAR is published in— (1) The daily issue of the Federal Register; (2) Cumulated form in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR); and (3) A separate edition available at https://www.acquisition.gov/browse/index/far. (b) The FAR is …
  • FAR 1.105-2 Arrangement of regulations.
    (a) General. The FAR is divided into subchapters, parts (each of which covers a separate aspect of acquisition), subparts, sections, and subsections. (b) Numbering. (1) The numbering system permits the discrete identification of every FAR …

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.