SpendQueryBeta

48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

FAR and DFARS navigator

The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

Ask the FAR

Try: · · ·

Clear

247 sections with “Government estimate”: the first 40

  • FAR 36.203 Government estimate of construction costs.
    (a) An independent Government estimate of construction costs shall be prepared and furnished to the contracting officer at the earliest practicable time for each proposed contract and for each contract modification anticipated to exceed the…
  • DFARS 236.203 Government estimate of construction costs.
    Follow the procedures at PGI 236.203 for handling the Government estimate of construction costs.
  • FAR 36.605 Government cost estimate for architect-engineer work.
    (a) An independent Government estimate of the cost of architect-engineer services shall be prepared and furnished to the contracting officer before commencing negotiations for each proposed contract or contract modification expected to exce…
  • FAR 47.305-12 Delivery of Government-furnished property.
    (a)(1) When Government property is furnished to a contractor and transportation costs to the Government are a factor in the evaluation of offers, the contracting officer shall include in the solicitation a clear description of the property,…
  • FAR 52.227-13 Patent Rights—Ownership by the Government.
    As prescribed at 27.303(e), insert the following clause: Patent Rights—Ownership by the Government (DEC 2007) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Invention means any invention or discovery that is or may be patentable or otherwise p…
  • FAR 52.237-4 Payment by Government to Contractor.
    …molition, or removal of improvements whenever the contracting officer determines that the Government shall make payment to the contractor in addition to any title to property that the contractor may receive under the contract: Payment by G…
  • FAR 52.245-1 Government Property.
    As prescribed in 45.107(a), insert the following clause: Government Property (SEP 2021) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Cannibalize means to remove parts from Government property for use or for installation on other Government p…
  • DFARS 225.7303-2 Cost of doing business with a foreign government or an international organization.
    (a) In pricing FMS contracts where non-U.S. Government prices as described in 225.7303-1 do not exist, except as provided in 225.7303-5, recognize the reasonable and allocable costs of doing business with a foreign government or internation…
  • DFARS 227.7103-5 Government rights.
    The standard license rights that a licensor grants to the Government are unlimited rights, government purpose rights, or limited rights. Those rights are defined in the clause at 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial …
  • DFARS 252.232-7007 Limitation of Government's obligation.
    As prescribed in 232.706-70, use the following clause: Limitation of Government's Obligation (APR 2014) (a) Contract line item(s) [Contracting Officer insert after negotiations] is/are incrementally funded. For this/these item(s), the sum…
  • FAR 36.214 Special procedures for price negotiation in construction contracting.
    …ing data and data other than certified cost or pricing data and shall compare them to the Government estimate. (1) When submission of certified cost or pricing data is not required (see 15.403-1 and 15.403-2), and any element of proposed c…
  • FAR 2.101 Definitions.
    … funds of supplies or services (including construction) by and for the use of the Federal Government through purchase or lease, whether the supplies or services are already in existence or must be created, developed, demonstrated, and evalu…
  • FAR 5.401 General.
    …n it is necessary to obtain information from potential contractors and others outside the Government for use in preparing Government estimates, contracting officers shall ensure that the information is not publicized or discussed with poten…
  • FAR 7.105 Contents of written acquisition plans.
    …upplies or services (see part 8) and sources identifiable through databases including the Governmentwide database of contracts and other procurement instruments intended for use by multiple agencies available at https://www.contractdirector…
  • FAR 9.306 Solicitation requirements.
    …must be performed for approval; and (3) The necessary data that must be submitted to the Government in the first article approval test report; (b) Provide, in the circumstance where the Government is to be responsible for the first articl…
  • FAR 10.002 Procedures.
    (a) Acquisitions begin with a description of the Government's needs stated in terms sufficient to allow conduct of market research. (b) Market research is then conducted to determine if commercial products, commercial services, or nondevel…
  • FAR 11.501 Policy.
    …auses only when— (1) The time of delivery or timely performance is so important that the Government may reasonably expect to suffer damage if the delivery or performance is delinquent; and (2) The extent or amount of such damage would be …
  • FAR 13.106-3 Award and documentation.
    …icer's personal knowledge of the item being purchased; (vi) Comparison to an independent Government estimate; or (vii) Any other reasonable basis. (3) Occasionally an item can be obtained only from a supplier that quotes a minimum order …
  • FAR 15.404-1 Proposal analysis techniques.
    …t an appropriate analysis is performed. (6) Recommendations or conclusions regarding the Government's review or analysis of an offeror's or contractor's proposal shall not be disclosed to the offeror or contractor without the concurrence o…
  • FAR 15.404-4 Profit.
    …al. This subsection prescribes policies for establishing the profit or fee portion of the Government prenegotiation objective in price negotiations based on cost analysis. (1) Profit or fee prenegotiation objectives do not necessarily repr…
  • FAR 15.407-1 Defective certified cost or pricing data.
    …n on the contractor's or subcontractor's Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data, the Government is entitled to a price adjustment, including profit or fee, of any significant amount by which the price was increased because of the defec…
  • FAR 15.407-2 Make-or-buy programs.
    …ing subcontracts as necessary to ensure the lowest overall cost and technical risk to the Government. When make-or-buy programs are required, the Government may reserve the right to review and agree on the contractor's make-or-buy program w…
  • FAR 16.103 Negotiating contract type.
    …in why the contract type selected must be used to meet the agency need. (ii) Discuss the Government's additional risks and the burden to manage the contract type selected (e.g., when a cost-reimbursement contract is selected, the Governmen…
  • FAR 16.104 Factors in selecting contract types.
    …competition results in realistic pricing, and a fixed-price contract is ordinarily in the Government's interest. (b) Price analysis. Price analysis with or without competition, may provide a basis for selecting the contract type. The degre…
  • FAR 16.503 Requirements contracts.
    …requirements contract provides for filling all actual purchase requirements of designated Government activities for supplies or services during a specified contract period (from one contractor), with deliveries or performance to be schedule…
  • FAR 16.504 Indefinite-quantity contracts.
    …finite quantity, within stated limits, of supplies or services during a fixed period. The Government places orders for individual requirements. Quantity limits may be stated as number of units or as dollar values. (1) The contract must req…
  • FAR 16.505 Ordering.
    …all not be used unless the particular brand-name, product, or feature is essential to the Government's requirements and market research indicates other companies' similar products, or products lacking the particular feature, do not meet, or…
  • FAR 19.505 Limitations on subcontracting and nonmanufacturer rule.
    …pt construction), the concern will not pay more than 50 percent of the amount paid by the Government for contract performance to subcontractors that are not similarly situated entities. Any work that a similarly situated entity further subc…
  • FAR 22.1703 Policy.
    The United States Government has adopted a policy prohibiting trafficking in persons, including the trafficking-related activities below. Additional information about trafficking in persons may be found at the website for the Department of …
  • FAR 28.308 Self-insurance.
    …ts to be incurred at a segment of a contractor's business will be allocable to negotiated Government contracts, and the self-insurance costs at the segment for the contractor's fiscal year are expected to be $200,000 or more, the contractor…
  • FAR 30.603-2 Unilateral and desirable changes.
    …r may unilaterally change its disclosed or established cost accounting practices, but the Government shall not pay any increased cost, in the aggregate, as a result of the unilateral change. (2) Prior to making any contract price or cost a…
  • FAR 30.604 Processing changes to disclosed or established cost accounting practices.
    …s and subcontracts. (ii) For unilateral changes, the increased or decreased costs to the Government for each of the following groups: (A) Fixed-price contracts and subcontracts. (B) Flexibly-priced contracts and subcontracts; and (4) Wh…
  • FAR 30.605 Processing noncompliances.
    …determine that— (1) The contemplated contract price or cost adjustments will protect the Government from the payment of increased costs, in the aggregate; (2) The net effect of the contemplated contract price or cost adjustments will not …
  • FAR 30.606 Resolving cost impacts.
    …ost impacts of any of the following unless all of the cost impacts are increased costs to Government: (A) One or more unilateral changes. (B) One or more noncompliances. (C) Unilateral changes and noncompliances; and (iii) May consider …
  • FAR 31.205-33 Professional and consultant service costs.
    …ons, training, or direct assistance, such as studies, analyses, evaluations, liaison with Government officials, or other forms of representation. (b) Costs of professional and consultant services are allowable subject to this paragraph and…
  • FAR 32.410 Findings, determination, and authorization.
    …gate amount not exceeding $______, less the aggregate amounts repaid, or withdrawn by the Government) are required by the Contractor to perform under the contract. The amount does not exceed the unpaid contract price or the estimated interi…
  • FAR 32.904 Determining payment due dates.
    …ue dates, contracting officers give full consideration to the time reasonably required by Government officials to fulfill their administrative responsibilities under the contract. (b) Payment due dates. Except as prescribed in paragraphs (…
  • FAR 33.104 Protests to GAO.
    …e invalidated and a delay in receiving the supplies or services is not prejudicial to the Government's interest. (d) Findings and notice. If the decision is to proceed with contract award, or continue contract performance under paragraphs …
  • FAR 35.007 Solicitations.
    … lacking appropriate qualifications is costly and time-consuming to both industry and the Government. Therefore, contracting officers should initially distribute solicitations only to sources technically qualified to perform research or dev…
  • FAR 36.205 Statutory cost limitations.
    (a) Contracts for construction shall not be awarded at a cost to the Government— (1) In excess of statutory cost limitations, unless applicable limitations can be and are waived in writing for the particular contract; or (2) Which, with a…

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.