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48 CFR · Federal Acquisition Regulation and Defense supplement

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The codified text (eCFR, as of 2026-10-02). Under the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul ↗, agencies follow class deviations with new text for many parts while the formal rules go through the Federal Register: check the solicitation and your contract's clauses, which rule.

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46 sections with “lowest cost to the Government”: the first 40

  • FAR 14.201-8 Price-related factors.
    …05), transportation costs to the designated points shall be considered in determining the lowest cost to the Government. (b) Changes made, or requested by the bidder, in any of the provisions of the invitation for bids, if the change does …
  • FAR 47.305-2 Solicitations f.o.b. origin and f.o.b. destination—lowest overall cost.
    … origin, f.o.b. destination, or both; and that they will be evaluated on the basis of the lowest overall cost to the Government. (b) When offers are solicited on the basis of both f.o.b. origin and f.o.b. destination, the contracting offic…
  • FAR 52.247-51 Evaluation of Export Offers.
    …ernment bill of lading. (1) Offers shall be evaluated and awards made on the basis of the lowest laid down cost to the Government at the overseas port of discharge, via methods and ports compatible with required delivery dates and condition…
  • FAR 52.247-33 F.o.b. Origin, With Differentials.
    …onformance with carrier requirements to protect the goods and to ensure assessment of the lowest applicable transportation charge; (2)(i) Order specified carrier equipment when requested by the Government; or (ii) If not specified, order …
  • FAR 25.502 Application.
    …he low offer is a noneligible offer and there is an eligible offer that is lower than the lowest domestic offer, award on the low offer. The procedures at 25.106(b)(2) and 25.106(c)(2) do not apply. (4) Otherwise, apply the appropriate eva…
  • FAR 31.205-46 Travel costs.
    …hat person's title or relationship to the contractor. (b) Airfare costs in excess of the lowest priced airfare available to the contractor during normal business hours are unallowable except when such accommodations require circuitous rout…
  • FAR 47.305-6 Shipments to ports and air terminals.
    …irements. (h) The award shall specify the United States ports of loading that afford the lowest overall cost to the overseas destination. (i) When supplies will be from origins outside CONUS to destinations either within or outside CONUS,…
  • FAR 52.212-1 Instructions to Offerors—Commercial Products and Commercial Services.
    … reject any or all offers if such action is in the public interest; accept other than the lowest offer; and waive informalities and minor irregularities in offers received. (h) Multiple awards. The Government may accept any item or group o…
  • DFARS 252.227-7013 Rights in Technical Data—Other Than Commercial Products and Commercial Services.
    …ct, or any combination thereof. (1) Private expense determinations should be made at the lowest practicable level. (2) Under fixed-price contracts, when total costs are greater than the firm-fixed-price or ceiling price of the contract, t…
  • DFARS 252.227-7014 Rights in Other Than Commercial Computer Software and Other Than Commercial Computer Software Documentation.
    …ct, or any combination thereof. (1) Private expense determinations should be made at the lowest practicable level. (2) Under fixed-price contracts, when total costs are greater than the firm-fixed-price or ceiling price of the contract, t…
  • DFARS 252.227-7018 Rights in Other Than Commercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research Program and Small Business Technology Transfer Program.
    …ct, or any combination thereof. (1) Private expense determinations should be made at the lowest practicable level. (2) Under fixed-price contracts, when total costs are greater than the firm-fixed-price or ceiling price of the contract, t…
  • FAR 9.103 Policy.
    …S.C. 637) applies, see subpart 19.8.) (c) The award of a contract to a supplier based on lowest evaluated price alone can be false economy if there is subsequent default, late deliveries, or other unsatisfactory performance resulting in ad…
  • FAR 14.404-1 Cancellation of invitations after opening.
    …er bids have been opened, award must be made to that responsible bidder who submitted the lowest responsive bid, unless there is a compelling reason to reject all bids and cancel the invitation. (2) Every effort shall be made to anticipate…
  • FAR 16.505 Ordering.
    …on; (F) Except for DoD, ensure the criteria at 15.101-2(c)(1)-(5) are met when using the lowest price technically acceptable source selection process; and (G) Except for DoD, avoid using the lowest price technically acceptable source sele…
  • FAR 13.106-1 Soliciting competition.
    …ntracting officers shall ensure the criteria at 15.101-2(c)(1)-(5) are met when using the lowest price technically acceptable source selection process. (vi) Except for DoD, avoid using the lowest price technically acceptable source selecti…
  • FAR 15.101-1 Tradeoff process.
    …when it may be in the best interest of the Government to consider award to other than the lowest priced offeror or other than the highest technically rated offeror. (b) When using a tradeoff process, the following apply: (1) All evaluatio…
  • FAR 17.106-2 Solicitations.
    …ontract including the requirements for each program year. (b) Criteria for comparing the lowest evaluated submission on the first program year requirements to the lowest evaluated submission on the multiyear requirements. (c) A provision …
  • FAR 25.204 Evaluating offers of foreign construction material.
    …oes not exceed 55 percent domestic content, the contracting officer shall— (A) Treat the lowest offer of foreign construction material that is manufactured in the United States and exceeds 55 percent domestic content as a domestic offer; a…
  • FAR 47.304-3 Shipments from CONUS for overseas delivery.
    …ty for selection of (1) the port of export and (2) the ocean transportation providing the lowest overall cost to the Government. (b)(1) Unless there are valid reasons to the contrary (see 47.304-5), acquisition of supplies originating with…
  • FAR 50.102-3 Limitations on exercise of authority.
    … amendment or modification shall increase the contract price to an amount higher than the lowest rejected bid of any responsible bidder, if the contract was negotiated under 14.404-1(f). (d) No informal commitment shall be formalized unles…
  • FAR 52.214-10 Contract Award—Sealed Bidding.
    …licitation. (b) The Government may (1) reject any or all bids, (2) accept other than the lowest bid, and (3) waive informalities or minor irregularities in bids received. (c) The Government may accept any item or group of items of a bid, …
  • FAR 52.225-9 Buy American—Construction Materials.
    …s and does not exceed 55 percent domestic content, the Contracting Officer will treat the lowest offer of foreign construction material that exceeds 55 percent domestic content as a domestic offer and determine whether the cost of that offe…
  • FAR 52.225-11 Buy American—Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements.
    … that does not exceed 55 percent domestic content, the Contracting Officer will treat the lowest offer of foreign construction material that is manufactured in the United States and exceeds 55 percent domestic content as a domestic offer an…
  • FAR 52.247-32 F.o.b. Origin, Freight Prepaid.
    …onformance with carrier requirements to protect the goods and to ensure assessment of the lowest applicable transportation charge; (2)(i) Order specified carrier equipment when requested by the Government; or (ii) If not specified, order …
  • FAR 52.247-59 F.o.b. Origin—Carload and Truckload Shipments.
    …rload or truckload shall be the highest applicable minimum weight that will result in the lowest freight rate (or per car charge) on file or published in common carrier tariffs or tenders as of the date of bid opening (or the closing date s…
  • FAR 8.404 Use of Federal Supply Schedules.
    …ded that the order represents the best value (as defined in FAR 2.101) and results in the lowest overall cost alternative (considering price, special features, administrative costs, etc.) to meet the Government's needs. Although GSA has alr…
  • FAR 15.407-2 Make-or-buy programs.
    …e, including planning, placing, and administering subcontracts as necessary to ensure the lowest overall cost and technical risk to the Government. When make-or-buy programs are required, the Government may reserve the right to review and a…
  • FAR 17.207 Exercise of options.
    …tion and the exercise of the option is so short that it indicates the option price is the lowest price obtainable or the more advantageous offer. The contracting officer shall take into consideration such factors as market stability and com…
  • FAR 17.802 Policy.
    …verse auction participant's price or proposal; (5) Allows offerors to see the successive lowest price(s) offered in the auction without revealing an offeror's identity; (6) At the close of each auction— (i) Provides the Government with t…
  • FAR 34.001 Definition.
    …he Government's business in a manner that ensures that the Government will be offered the lowest cost or price alternative or best technical design meeting its minimum needs.
  • FAR 37.102 Policy.
    …1 (see 23.103(c)). (j) Except for DoD, see 15.101-2(d) for limitations on the use of the lowest price technically acceptable source selection process to acquire certain services.
  • FAR 47.303-8 F.a.s. vessel, port of shipment.
    …onformance with carrier requirements to protect the goods and to ensure assessment of the lowest applicable transportation charge; (2)(i) Deliver the shipment in good order and condition alongside the ocean vessel and within reach of its l…
  • FAR 47.303-10 F.o.b. inland carrier, point of exportation.
    …onformance with carrier requirements to protect the goods and to ensure assessment of the lowest applicable transportation charge; (2) Prepare and distribute commercial bills of lading; (3)(i) Deliver the shipment in good order and condit…
  • FAR 47.304-2 Shipments within CONUS.
    …h f.o.b origin and f.o.b. destination and that they will be evaluated on the basis of the lowest overall cost to the Government. (b) When sufficient reasons exist not to follow this policy, the contract file shall be documented to include …
  • FAR 47.305-3 F.o.b. origin solicitations.
    …tions, to select the mode of transportation that will provide the required service at the lowest possible overall cost.) (4)(i) The quantity of supplies to be shipped from each shipping point. (ii) The contracting officer shall insert in …
  • FAR 52.214-19 Contract Award—Sealed Bidding—Construction.
    …o cost for other work, and if there is a reasonable doubt that the bid will result in the lowest overall cost to the Government even though it may be the low evaluated bid, or if it is so unbalanced as to be tantamount to allowing an advanc…
  • FAR 52.214-22 Evaluation of Bids for Multiple Awards.
    …, and individual awards will be for the items or combinations of items that result in the lowest aggregate cost to the Government, including the assumed administrative costs. (End of provision)
  • FAR 52.217-12 Reverse Auction Services.
    …everse auction participant's price or proposal; (6) Allow offerors to see the successive lowest price(s) offered in the auction without revealing an offeror's identity; (7) Not participate as an offeror in any reverse auction, which the C…
  • FAR 52.241-7 Change in Rates or Terms and Conditions of Service for Regulated Services.
    …t the applicable published and unpublished rate schedule(s) shall not be in excess of the lowest cost published and unpublished rate schedule(s) available to any other customers of the same class under similar conditions of use and service.…
  • FAR 52.247-36 F.a.s. Vessel, Port of Shipment.
    …onformance with carrier requirements to protect the goods and to ensure assessment of the lowest applicable transportation charge; (2)(i) Deliver the shipment in good order and condition alongside the ocean vessel and within reach of its l…

FAR (chapter 1)

DFARS (chapter 2, Defense)

Source: eCFR, 48 CFR chapters 1 and 2 (GPO GovInfo bulk data) ↗. Rule changes in progress: FAR, DFARS. Terms: glossary.